<p class="rfpMnscText"><strong>Background</strong>: Sampling for monitoring commercial production of kingworm (<em>Zophobas</em> spp.) requires knowledge about optimal sample sizes and methods for projecting yields. <strong>Hypothesis and objective</strong>: A sequential enumerative sampling (SES) based on larval weight records should present significant levels of productivity prediction under known margins of error and precision. To verify this, it was proposed to evaluate the performance of an SES method in two kingworm’s farms in Tarapoto, Peruvian Amazon. <strong>Methodology</strong>: Means (m) and respective variances (s<sup>2</sup>) of larvae number and weight since six sample units (SU) of 500 ml from 35 production units (PU) of 48 l were obtained. Log-transformed data were fitted to Taylor’s Power Law TPL (log s<sup>2</sup> =log a +b. log m). A Morisita’s index transformation was applied with original larvae number data to obtain an independent measure of intra-sample spatial arrangement. TPL elements constituted the Green's function optimal sample size for three margins of error E. Sequential sampling simulations were carried out, whose means predicted yields comparing two methods of weight relationship between SU and PU (w/W, linear function), with their respective census. <strong>Results</strong>: Number of larvae (s<sup>2</sup> =1.06 m<sup>1.61</sup>) and weights (s<sup>2</sup> =0.79 m<sup>1.53</sup>) showed highly significant adjustments in TPL, with aggregation coefficients corresponding crowded spatial arrangement. Larval density and I<sub>p</sub> index showed close correlation. Although simulations provided a lower hit frequency than expected, the mean precision increased highly significantly while increasing the error margin, with detection levels of 0.25, 2.23 and 12.57 g to E 50, 30 and 20 %, respectively. <strong>Implications</strong>: Applying SES, kingworm’s breeders should standardize substrate volume contained in each UP and adjust their w/W conversion factor to avoid plus sampling efforts. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The SES suits the needs of productivity monitoring, where using of w/W ratio and 50 % margins of error are associated with greater effectiveness and precision with a sample size of n<sub>i</sub><3. </p>
A partir de un recuento sumario de la problemática y los diversos valores que emergen en el departamento de San Martín, una locación transicional del piedemonte con el llano amazónico en Perú, se describen las condiciones y motivaciones de creación hace dos décadas de la asociación Urku Estudios Amazónicos y su programa piloto Centro Urku. Gracias al programa de innovación agraria Incagro pudimos articularnos con una serie de investigadores que nos ayudaron a superar ciertas limitaciones de formación y enfoques, mientras brindábamos soporte científico y técnico a las sociedades locales para la defensa de la naturaleza y los derechos indígenas. Luego de los luctuosos sucesos de junio 2009 en la Curva del Diablo, las reivindicaciones de los pueblos indígenas recibieron un respaldo inusitado y con este surgieron nuevos liderazgos y particularmente una organización, la Fekihd en alianza con Urku, aplicó una estrategia innovadora de desarrollo integral y conservación de sus territorios ancestrales, complementada con la creación de organizaciones económicas, donde destacan la asociación Ampik Sacha, la empresa Maray Sisa y la cooperativa agraria Mushuk Runa. La inconstancia de las políticas regionales y la influencia de poderes locales determinaron limitaciones en los procesos emprendidos, mientras que en el Centro Urku ajustábamos nuestros objetivos en busca de concientizar a los miles de usuarios que recibíamos cada año en la necesidad de promover sociedades más justas, en armonía con la naturaleza. Nuestra experiencia institucional demuestra como grupos locales con capacidad científica y técnica pueden contribuir para la solución de conflictos o en los avances de la reivindicación social, transfiriendo el poder de la razón y una jurisprudencia en temas ambientales y sociales. Al descolonizar el conocimiento, la ciencia se acerca, como producto y método, a los pueblos que tienen mucho por contribuir en la gestación y construcción del futuro.
The consumption of insects is a widespread practice among indigenous or native peoples of the Amazon. To assess the knowledge of the diversity of resources for entomophagy from the perspective of these peoples, testimonies or references about knowledge and feeding traditions of 100 people were collected in 37 localities in seven provinces of the department of San Martín in the basin of the Huallaga River. One cumulative species curve and the probability function of new species were estimated, then the probability of not finding a new species (99.5 %) to n100 was determined. The specimens that were captured in the field (54 %) were compared with representative specimens and databases, and the information provided by the participants was analysed to approximate the preliminary taxonomic locations of the remaining part of the sample. We found 46 resources for entomophagy and reported for first time in the Peruvian Amazon, the feeding with Chrysophora chrysochlora, Podalia sp., Lusura chera, and Cymothoidae, among others. Entomophagy is a deeply rooted practice in the native and riverine populations of the Huallaga basin, where Rhynchophorus palmarum, Rhinostomus barbirostris, Atta cephalotes sspp. and Brassolis sophorae were the most consumed for 78 % – 97 % of people. The least consumed species have the common characteristic of being scarce and they were part of the diet of the oldest segment in previous decades. At least 10 resources ceased to be consumed by the members of the sample. In addition to nutritional potential, the diversity of edible arthropod fauna represents complementary values for community health and cultural identity; however, most of these resources (87 %) are threatened and could disappear in brief time, as is the knowledge related to their use.
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