Despite numerous studies on major depressive disorder (MDD) susceptibility, the precise underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated which restricts the development of etiology-based disease-modifying drug. Major depressive disorder treatment is still symptomatic and is the leading cause of (~30%) failure of the current antidepressant therapy. Here we comprehended the probable genes and pathways commonly associated with antidepressant response and MDD. A systematic review was conducted, and candidate genes/pathways associated with antidepressant response and MDD were identified using an integrative genetics approach. Initially, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/genes found to be significantly associated with antidepressant response were systematically reviewed and retrieved from the candidate studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Also, significant variations concerning MDD susceptibility were extracted from GWAS only. We found 245 (Set A) and 800 (Set B) significantly associated genes with antidepressant response and MDD, respectively. Further, gene set enrichment analysis revealed the top five co-occurring molecular pathways (p ≤ 0.05) among the two sets of genes: Cushing syndrome, Axon guidance, cAMP signaling pathway, Insulin secretion, and Glutamatergic synapse, wherein all show a very close relation to synaptic plasticity. Integrative analyses of candidate gene and genome-wide association studies would enable us to investigate the putative targets for the development of disease etiology-based antidepressant that might be more promising than current ones.
K-means clustering is a popular clustering algorithm but is having some problems as initial conditions and it will fuse in local minima. A method was proposed to overcome this problem known as Global K-Means clustering algorithm (GKM). This algorithm has excellent skill to reduce the computational load without significantly affecting the solution quality. We studied GKM and its variants and presents a survey with critical analysis. We also proposed a new concept of Faster Global K-means algorithms for Streamed Data sets (FGKM-SD). FGKM-SD improves the efficiency of clustering and will take low time & storage space.
Security is the most challenging aspects in the World Wide Web. In present time information sharing and transfer has increased exponentially. So to find out best solution this is providing necessary protection of our data against malicious attacks from intruders. Cryptography and Steganography are the two major techniques for secret communication. Cryptography converts information from its original form (plaintext) into unreadable form (cipher text); where as in steganography the secret message is hidden into the cover medium. There are many different techniques are available for cryptography and stagnography. In this paper two techniques BLOWFISH algorithm for cryptography and LSB approach for stagnography are used. First encryption of data is done by using BLOWFISH algorithm which is one of the most powerful techniques and then hide encrypted message using LSB approach. Our proposed model gives two layers of security for secret data.
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