OVID-19 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines are powerful reminders: health technologies can help to shape the way in which societies control disease. Challenges in ensuring global, equitable access to these fruits of biomedical research and development (R&D) during the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the urgency of reorienting the system towards the public interest. The first step is a clearer articulation of what R&D in the global public interest is. That is what we seek to do here.There are four major concerns about biomedical R&D, despite its impressive technological advances amid profound transformations in how knowledge is generated and used. The first is the lack of medicines in areas where market incentives are inadequate to attract private investment, such as for neglected diseases of poverty, bacterial infections and emerging infectious diseases 1 . Second is the slow pace of progress in some areas, such as Alzheimer's disease 2 . Third is the risk of harm, such as adverse drug reactions. The final concern is restricted access to technologies, caused by high prices, insufficient production or inadequate supply 3 .These concerns pre-date the emergence of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, but the pandemic has underscored the urgency of addressing them. That requires looking beyond just one country or sector.Biomedical R&D is increasingly global. Historically, it was concentrated in the advanced industrialized countries (excluding Inequitable access to the fruits of research during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgency -and feasibility -of overhauling the R&D system.
This paper attempted to review the congregants' perception of the roles and responsibilities of Imam which rely on three dimensions: the official duties, the administration of the mosque and the community services. A comprehensive survey in the entire state of Terengganu has been outlined with several major goals; to identify the roles and responsibilities of an Imam, to analyses the perception of the roles and responsibilities of the Imam from the aspect of official duties, the administration of mosques, and also the community services.
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