Internet of Things (IoT) enables modern improvements in smart sensors, RFID, Internet technologies, and communication protocols. Sensor nodes are treated as smart devices and widely used to gather and forward sensed information. However, besides intrinsic constraints on sensor nodes, they are vulnerable to a variety of security threats. This paper presents an energy-aware and secure multi-hop routing (ESMR) protocol by using a secret sharing scheme to increase the performance of energy efficiency with multi-hop data security against malicious actions. The proposed protocol comprises three main aspects. First, the network field is segmented into inner and outer zones based on the node location. Furthermore, in each zone, numerous clusters are generated on the basis of node neighborhood vicinity. Second, the data transmission from cluster heads in each zone towards the sink node is secured using the proposed efficient secret sharing scheme. In the end, the proposed solution evaluates the quantitative analysis of data links to minimize the routing disturbance. The presented work provides a lightweight solution with secure data routing in multi-hop approach for the IoT-based constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of proposed energy-aware and secure multi-hop routing protocol in terms of network lifetime by 38%, network throughput by 34%, energy consumption by 34%, average end-to-end delay by 28%, and routing overhead by 36% in comparison with the existing work.

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Recent growth in the Internet of Things (IoT) has raised security concerns over the confidentiality of data exchanged between IoT devices and the edge. Many IoT systems adopt asymmetric cryptography to secure their data and communications. A drawback of asymmetric cryptography is the sizeable computation and space requirements. However, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is widely used in constrained environments for asymmetric cryptography due its superiority in generating a powerful encryption mechanism with small key sizes. ECC increases device performance and lowers power consumption, meaning it is suitable for diverse applications ranging from the IoT to wireless sensor network (WSN) devices. To ensure the confidentiality and security of data and communications, it is necessary to implement ECC robustly. A special area of focus in this regard is the mapping phase. This study’s objective was to propose a tested and trusted scheme that offers authenticated encryption (AE) via enhancing the mapping phase of a plain text to an elliptic curve to resist several encryption attacks such as Chosen Plaintext Attack (CPA) and Chosen Ciphertext Attack (CCA). The proposed scheme also undertakes evaluation and analysis related to security requirements for specific encryption attributes. Finally, results from a comparison of the proposed scheme and other schemes are presented, evaluating each one’s security characteristics and performance measurements. Our scheme is efficient in a way that makes so suitable to the IoT, and in particular to the Industrial IoT and the new Urbanization where the demands for services are huge.

Many applications use asymmetric cryptography to secure communications between two parties. One of the main issues with asymmetric cryptography is the need for vast amounts of computation and storage. While this may be true, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to asymmetric cryptography used widely in low computation devices due to its effectiveness in generating small keys with a strong encryption mechanism. The ECC decreases power consumption and increases device performance, thereby making it suitable for a wide range of devices, ranging from sensors to the Internet of things (IoT) devices. It is necessary for the ECC to have a strong implementation to ensure secure communications, especially when encoding a message to an elliptic curve. It is equally important for the ECC to secure the mapping of the message to the curve used in the encryption. This work objective is to propose a trusted and proofed scheme that offers authenticated encryption (AE) for both encoding and mapping a message to the curve. In addition, this paper provides analytical results related to the security requirements of the proposed scheme against several encryption techniques. Additionally, a comparison is undertaken between the SE-Enc and other state-of-the-art encryption schemes to evaluate the performance of each scheme.

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