In this article, a compact design of the monopole antenna is proposed for the super‐wideband application (SWB). The extremely wide frequency bandwidth is achieved by deploying a topology based on trapezoid shape radiator, triangular tapered feed line, and semicircular ground. The antenna shows resonance from 1.42 GHz to more than 90 GHz with a bandwidth ratio of 63.30:1, VSWR ≤2 and with S11 ≤ −10 dB. The electrical dimension of the monopole antenna is 0.16λc × 0.27λc where the wavelength λc is with respect to the lowest cut‐off frequency. The designed monopole antenna is fabricated on the F4B substrate. The prototype is experimentally validated for ultrawideband and SWB application. The experimental and simulated results are in good agreement and the designed antenna shows better performance of a wideband operation, compact electrical dimension, and high bandwidth dimension ratio over existing reported structures. The proposed antenna can be used for multiple bands such are ISM, Wi‐Fi, WLAN, WiMAX, C, S, X, K, and Ku bands.
This paper presents a UAV-swarm-communication model using a machine-learning approach for search-and-rescue applications. Firstly, regarding the communication of UAVs, the receive signal strength (RSS) and power loss have been modeled using random forest regression, and the mathematical representation of the channel matrix has also been discussed. The second part consisted of swarm control modeling of UAVs; however, a dataset for five types of triangular swarm formations was generated, and K-means clustering was applied to predict the cluster. In order to obtain the correct swarm formation, the dendrogram of all types was investigated. Finally, the heat map and contour were plotted for all kinds of swarm clusters. Furthermore, it was observed that the RSS of proposed swarms had good agreement with swarm distances.
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