Background: hemodialysis process is a lifelong intervention, involves multiple contributing factors to be completed; including: scheduling of hemodialysis sessions, patient presence in hemodialysis unit, patient family sharing and cooperation, availability and readiness of hemodialysis instruments and tools, availability, cooperation and readiness of hemodialysis unit staff. Objective: this study aimed to promote the quality of life in patients on chronic hemodialysis patients in Al Qurayat General Hospital in Saudi Arabia. We tried to determine the factors that affect the quality of life. Material and Methods: this was a descriptive, uncenter and non-interventional study. All patients had chronic hemodialysis in Al Qurayat general hospital. A questionnaire contains all questions regarding the objective of this study. Data were taken via interviewing 76 patients; 36 males, and 40 females aged 14 to above 60. All patients were interviewed individually to fill the questionnaire directly. Results: 76 patients on chronic hemodialysis in the Artificial Kidney Unit (AKU) in Al Qurayat Hospital were studies, 36 males and 40 females, their ages ranged between less than 14 to above 60, mean age 49.5 years, for some items correlated with quality of their life affected by chronic hemodialysis through a special questionnaire was designed for this purpose. Conclusion: male and female patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis were almost equally in numbers. A considerable percentage of patients on chronic hemodialysis is lying in the productive adult age group. Patients on chronic hemodialysis spend a considerable mean time per day to undergo hemodialysis sessions, for undergoing a mean 11 sessions per month. All aspects of patients on chronic hemodialysis life are affected negatively in most patients, either mildly or moderate to severe, and to extreme extent occasionally; including personal, family, community/social, and occupational/professional aspects.
Objectives: Human herpes viruses can cause life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised children, especially leukemic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect the human herpes viruses (HHV1-7) and to investigate its clinical significance in Middle Eastern Pediatric Leukemia Patients by using 2 Independent PCR assays. Methods: Detection of human herpes virus DNA has been done in blood samples of 200 pediatric leukemia patients in addition to 90 blood donors as a control group using multiplex PCR assays. When a ‘‘positive’’ result was observed, real-time PCR was performed to measure the viral load. Results: The most frequent herpes virus infection in Middle Eastern Pediatric Leukemia cases was CMV, followed by EBV, then HHV6, VZV, HHV7, HSV1, and HSV2, where they were 92/200 (46%), 76/200 (38%), 72/200 (36%), 48/200 (24%), 12/200 (6%), 8/200 (4%), and 2/200 (1%) respectively. Also, there was a statistically significance difference between leukemic patients and their controls regarding CMV, EBV, HHV6, and VZV (P <0.05). Correlation between percentage of co-infection, and clinical parameters for the 7 herpes viruses has been studied, and there is an increase in absolute neutrophilic count (ANC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and duration of fever and neutropenia in age group 6-11 years for HHV6/CMV, then in age group 12-18 years especially for EBV/CMV and CMV/HHV6. Also, our results show that multiplex PCR assay is close to single PCR assay in relation to specificity and sensitivity which in turn prove its validity for early diagnosis of herpes viral infection. Conclusions: Adopting multiplex PCR technique is helpful in screening of virus infections. It will save time, effort, cost effective and will assist in rapid diagnosis. However, the clinical relevance of the virus infection needs to be evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR which in turn will help patient's management by using appropriate antiviral treatment.
Background:The coronavirus pandemic has overwhelmed the health scene in almost all world countries including Middle East region. Neurological manifestations and complications are frequently reported among Covid-19 patients. Aim of work:To focus on Neurological Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19, aiming to add more clearance of these Manifestations and Complications and their outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods:The present retrospective study was conducted on 127 COVID 19 patients who were admitted at Qurayyat general hospital from 01-01-2020 to 31-12-2020, in addition to other 127 patients without neurological manifestations (as a control group) recruited from other departments. Results:Comparison between both groups shows that patients with neurological manifestations are significantly older (61.52 ± 51.29 versus 43.2 ± 19.8 years, p = 0.001). Also, they had significantly higher frequency of Diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidities (41/127 (32.3%) versus 20/127 (15.7%), p = 0.02), and higher frequency of Hypertension (HTN) comorbidities (54/127 (42.5%) versus 18/127 (14.1%), p = 0.001). In addition, they had significantly higher frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comorbidities (17/127 (13.4%) versus 2/127 (1.6%), p = 0.04). For Chronic kidney disease (CKD), there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.023) between patients with/or without neurological manifestations. Regarding predictors of mortality in the studied patients, Diabetes Mellitus [OR (95% CI): 1.31 (1.11-1.56), p = 0.01], and presence of neurological manifestations [OR (95% CI): 0.29 (0.14-0.9), p = 0.03] demonstrated as independent risk factors with COVID-19 mortality. Conclusion:The current study has demonstrated that neurological manifestations are common in Covid-19 patients. Also, diabetes mellitus and presence of neurological manifestations may be considered as two independent risk factors with COVID-19 mortality.
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