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Background This scoping review systematically summarized the available evidence about the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an intracanal antibacterial and/or anti-inflammatory. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar search engines/databases were searched up to February 2022 to retrieve relevant studies. The studies were evaluated for eligibility criteria, and identifying relevant studies. Results Out of 193 studies, 15 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were processed for data extraction. Thirteen in vitro studies assessed antibacterial/antibiofilm efficacy of NAC, and reported good and promising efficacy: NAC was found as efficacious as the comparators (chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide), or even showed higher efficacy. Regarding the anti-inflammatory efficacy of NAC, one in vitro study found it equivalent to, while one clinical trial revealed it more efficacious than calcium hydroxide. Conclusions There is accumulating evidence on the anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory efficacy of NAC in context of endodontics. However, further clinical trials with robust methodology and objective and reliable clinical, biological and microbial outcomes are warranted to translate its use for clinical practice on humans.

Aim of the study was to investigate the effect of taper and sealer materials on the fracture resistance (FR) of roots.Material and method: Total number of 120 single-canalled human mandibular central and lateral teeth with equal size were chosen and kept in distilled water until needed, all teeth were decoronated and divided into one positive control group (n=12) and three experimental groups (n=36) according to the degree of taper used for root canal instrumentation using K3XF ** files system (#25/4%, #25/6% and #25/8%), each experimental group was further subdivided into one negative control subgroup (n=12) in which the root canal instrumented but not obturated and two experimental subgroups (n=12) according to type of root canal sealer used for obturation (AH Plus *** and MTA Fillapex **** ). Each specimen was embedded in acrylic mould and subjected to FR test using a universal testing machine. The force required to fracture each specimen was recorded and the data obtained were statistically analysed.Results: Group 1 showed highest FR among all experimental groups followed by group 2 with non-significance difference between both groups while group 3 (#25/8%) showed the least FR. MTA Fillapex subgroup showed less non-significantly difference from AH Plus subgroup regardless the degree of taper used for preparation. Conclusion:Using 4% and 6% taper preparation have non-significant difference from each other when using AH plus or MTA Fillapex sealer. MTA Fillapex did not significantly improve the FR of the root regardless the preparation taper used.

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