Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in children, which is instigated by damage to the developing brain that affects the ability to control the muscles. The main types of CP are spastic CP, dyskinesia CP and mixed CP. The aim of this work was to estimate the concentrations of complete blood count (CBC), erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in children with CP compared to the control group. Methods: A total of 75 Egyptian children were enrolled in this study, 45 had CP and 30 were controls. CBC, ESR, CRP, BDNF, and TNF-α were assessed. Results: The ESR, CRP and TNF-α levels showed statistically significant increases in cases compared with controls. While the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and the BDNF levels were significantly lower in CP compared with the controls. When comparing the different groups of CP with each other; there were no significant differences. Regarding the correlation of BDNF and different studied parameters, our study showed a positive correlation between BDNF and TNF levels only within the group with spastic CP. Conclusions: BDNF may be considered as a biomarker or treatment target for CP to avoid further complications as still there is insufficient progress in the prediction, early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CP. Furthermore, searching for novel strategies to increase BDNF levels may open a new opportunity for the treatment of CP.
Leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1), CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) are adhesion molecules and constitute important steps in the liver inflammation due to chronic hepatitis C. We measured soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (LAM-1), (LFA-1) and (Mac-1) as well as cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the serum of 120 patients with fibrosis. A study was carried out to analyze levels of LAM-1, LFA-1 and Mac-1in fibrotic patients, and find whether increasing with cholesterol and triglycerides. 120 serum samples from fibrotic patients were classified according to levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides concentration into four groups. Positive LAM-1 samples were found in 90% of patients in first group, 83% in the second group, 73% in the third group and 46% in the fourth group. These levels were significantly higher than their levels in control group (p<0.0001) indicating extremely significant. Level of LAM-1in group (1) was extremely significant compared to group (4) (356 ± 70.5 vs. 209± 5 p < 0.0001 ES). High LFA-1level was found in 76% in first group, 73% in the second group, 70% in the third group, and 40% in the fourth group. The levels of MAC-1 in first group were significantly greater than their levels in control group (p<0.0001), and +ve MAC-1 samples were found in 66% in first group, 53% in the second group, 46% in third group, and 36% in fourth group. AST and ALT were significantly higher in first group, compared to healthy group (95.68 ± 33.32 vs. 31.77 ± 8.11, p < 0.001) for AST and (78.6 ± 29.86 vs. 28.55 ± 7.15 p < 0.001) for ALT indicating very significant relationship, while no significant was detected between the fourth group and healthy individuals (33.56±8.16 vs. 28.55 ± 7.15 p = 0.05 NS). Our study showed a significant increase in levels of LAM-1 and LFA-1 rather than MAC-1 in fibrosis compared to healthy individuals. The results showed the ability to circulate LAM-1 and LFA-1 to predict fibrosis disease and evaluated the relationship between circulating adhesion molecules and fibrotic patients.
RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted) is a chemokine engaged in the pathophysiology of diabetes type 2 (T2DM), related cardiovascular complications, dyslipidemia and hypertension that are major modifiable risk factors of T2DM. VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) plays a role in diabetic vascular complications. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) is a lipid aberration defined as the incidence of raised triglycerides (TG) and dimished high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and associated with residual cardiovascular risk. However, the association between chemokine and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic disturbances is still unclear, and few data are available. The aim of this study was to estimate serum RANTES, serum lipid composition, VEGF, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with T2DM and elucidate their relationship in a sample of Egyptian premenopausal women. Serum level of RANTES, VEGF, lipids and body composition were assessed in 100 premenopausal women with T2DM (mean age 35 years old) and 100 healthy controls. Significant increase in serum RANTES level and VEGF was observed in T2DM compared to the control group. Positive correlations between elevated RANETS and increased values of VEGF, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass, LDL-C, TG, total cholesterol and presence of MS were observed in T2DM patients. Elevated RANTES concentration is associated with AD risk, abnormal metabolic components and VEGF levels. This study pinpoints the importance of RANTES as a novel biomarker for dyslipidemia and metabolic disturbance in T2DM patients.
BACKGROUND: Iron overload is the main cause of oxidative stress in beta-thalassemia (βT) by the increased production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants counteract the toxic effects of oxidative stress. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the possible impact of splenectomy, iron chelators, and hydroxyurea (hydra) on serum level of TAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty children and adolescents with βT were studied in comparison to 25 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects. Complete medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory assessment of serum TAC, ferritin, hepcidin, and hemoglobin (Hb) were carried out. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups; thalassemia major (TM), thalassemia intermedia (TI), and controls as regard age and sex. β-TM patients had significantly higher serum ferritin, serum hepcidin, and serum TAC (p < 0.000, 0.002, and 0.000, respectively) than controls. β-TI patients had significantly higher serum ferritin and serum TAC (p < 0.000) than controls. Serum TAC was lower in children with splenectomy, but this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, we observed no statistically significant difference in serum TAC of patients under different (deferasirox or deferiprone) medication. Serum TAC concentration was significantly higher in patients taking hydroxyurea (hydra) (p < 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed an increased level of serum TAC in patients with β-T in comparison with controls. Serum TAC was also increased in those taking hydroxyurea, however, it was low in βT patients under regular chelation therapy, while splenectomy had no significant effect on serum TAC.
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