The electrochemical formation of Dy-Ni alloys was studied in a molten normalLiCl­normalKCl­DyCl3 (0.50 mol %) system at 700 K. Potentiostatic electrolysis of a Ni electrode at 0.55 (vs. Li+/normalLifalse), 0.62, and 0.70 V for 2 h resulted in formations of the coherent and minute DyNi2 films having thickness of about 60, 30, and 20 μm, respectively. The growth rates of the DyNi2 films were extremely high, when considering conventional solid phase diffusion. Moreover, the growth rate was dependent on the applied potentials, i.e., higher at more negative potentials. Thus, the DyNi2 formation was regarded as a kind of electrochemical implantation, which was found by the authors previously. The formed DyNi2 electrodes could be transformed to other phases, i.e., DyNi3, Dy2Ni7, DyNi5, and Ni, by electrochemical displantation. The several transformation reactions and the corresponding equilibrium potential were clarified. The minute DyNi2 films were changed to porous films at more positive potentials during the transformation reaction. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

An efficient route to 1-formyl-1,2-dihydroquinolines 6 is described based on the BF3-catalyzed cyclization of o-(1-hydroxy-2-alkenyl)phenyl isocyanides 4, which can be prepared feasibly by the reaction of N-(o-acylphenyl)formamides 1 with alkenylmagnesium bromides 2 followed by treatment of the resulting hydroxy formamides 3 with phosphorous oxychloride.

The electrochemical formation of Nd-Ni alloys was investigated in a molten LiF-CaF 2-NdF 3 (0.30 mol%) system at 1123 K. Cyclic voltammetry and open-circuit potentiometry indicated the formation of several phases of Nd-Ni alloys. The whole electrode became almost NdNi 2 phase by potentiostatic electrolysis of a 0.2 mm-thick Ni plate at 0.15 V vs. Li + /Li for 75 minutes. The formed NdNi 2 electrodes were transformed to other phases such as NdNi 3 and NdNi 5. The existences of NdNi 2 , NdNi 3 and NdNi 5 were confirmed by powder XRD analysis. By summarizing the results, the formation potential for each alloy phase has been determined.

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The electrochemical formation of Dy-Ni alloys was investigated in a molten LiF-CaF 2 -DyF 3 (0.30 mol%) system at 1123 K. Cyclic voltammetry and open-circuit potentiometry indicated the formation of several phases of Dy-Ni alloys. Potentiostatic electrolysis was conducted to prepare an alloy sample using a Ni-plate electrode at 0.20 V vs. Li + /Li for 120 min. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy revealed that the Ni plate was partially transformed into a Dy-Ni alloy. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that DyNi 2 was the predominant phase and DyNi 3 the minor phase in the alloy. When the electrolytic potential was kept at 0.45 V and 0.62 V for 110 min after electrolysis at 0.20 V for 130 min, the resultant phases were DyNi 3 and DyNi 5 , respectively. The formation potential for each Dy-Ni alloy phase was determined from the experimental results.

A new dendrimer (1), which contains phenol groups in the exterior for solubilization in aqueous alkaline solution and calix[4]resorcinarene in the interior to increase the molecular weight and number of the phenol group even in the lower generation, was designed as new negative-working, alkaline-developable photoresist material. A negative-working photoresist based on 1, 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenol as cross-linker, and diphenyliodonium 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate as a photoacid generator has been developed. This resist gave a clear negative pattern through postbaking at 110 °C after exposure to UV light, followed by developing with a 0.3% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution at room temperature.

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