SUMMARYThis study proposes a procedure for identifying spectral response curves for earthquake-damaged areas in developing countries without seismic records. An earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete building located in Padang, Indonesia was selected to illustrate the identification of the maximum seismic response during the 2009 West Sumatra earthquake. This paper summarizes the damage incurred by the building; the majority of the damage was observed in the third story in the span direction. The damage was quantitatively evaluated using the damage index R according to the Japanese guidelines for post-earthquake damage evaluation. The damage index was also applied to the proposed spectral response identification method. The seismic performance of the building was evaluated by a nonlinear static analysis. The analytical results reproduced a drift concentration in the third story. The R-index decreased with an increase in the story drift, which provided an estimation of the maximum response of the building during the earthquake. The estimation was verified via an earthquake response analysis of the building using ground acceleration data, which were simulated based on acceleration records of engineering bedrock that considered site amplification. The maximum response estimated by the R-index was consistent with the maximum response obtained from the earthquake response analysis. Therefore, the proposed method enables the construction of spectral response curves by integrating the identification results for the maximum responses in a number of earthquake-damaged buildings despite a lack of seismic records.
Non-linear interaction between the soil and foundations is one of the means to affect the seismic responses of structure. Focusing on the ductility of the fibers and the elasticity of rubber-chips, authors have developed an artificial geo-material, which is stable up to a high strain region, by mixing cement, rubber-chips from scrap tires, and fibrous materials. This paper discusses the shear mechanism and the properties of the compound based on laboratory studies. Authors also expect that this compound would effect on reducing the environment load since it is made of scrap tires and waste soil generated in construction sites.
This paper presents the simulation analysis about damage of structure supported by pile subjected to very large seismic motion during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake by 3D-FE analyses considering an effect of non-linearity between pile and soil. The input motion is evaluated by the observed record and 2D-FE analysis using the deep irregular underground model with vertical discontinuity. The major finings obtained from analyses are summarized as follows:1) the FE analysis can simulate the distribution of damage of pile cap in the observation in which the pile in group of 2 piles was damaged heavily, 2) In the instance, the subgrade reaction for pile in group of 2 piles is larger than in group of 3 or 4 piles, furthermore the subgrade reaction for pile in group of 3 or 4 piles is affected by the behavior of the adjacent building and decreases. These may be causes of the distribution of damage of pile cap, 3) the pile cap damage in the instance may be caused by the piles were subjected to the very large inertial force and the ground displacement at the same time.
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