Generally, in Townsend discharges, the behaviours of metastable molecules are treated by solving the diffusion equation. The boundary condition for the diffusion equation has previously been assumed to be that the density at the boundary is zero. Such an assumption is found to be unsatisfactory in determining effective lifetimes from the experimental data. The authors solve the diffusion equation using boundary conditions of the third kind. By adopting the two-stream approximation, the reflection coefficient of the metastables is introduced naturally into the theory. An expression which depends implicitly on the reflection coefficient is derived for the effective lifetime of the metastables as a function of pressure. By fitting the calculated curves to the experimental data, the authors succeed in determining the various physical parameters, including the newly introduced reflection coefficient.
Emission Mossbauer measurements of U9Sn were made on carrier-free pentavalent 119Sb ions hydrolytically adsorbed on surfaces of antiferromagnetic oxides, a-Fe203 and Cr203. From the broadening of emission spectra, the nuclei of 119Sn4+ arising from the adsorbed 119Sb5+ were shown to feel the supertransferred hyperfine fields from the magnetically ordered Fe3+ or Cr3+ ions of the substrates. This finding indicates that the 119Sb5+ ions predominantly formed M3+-01 2-345678-Sb5+ bonds with metal ions (M3+) of the oxides. It is also concluded from the observations that there exist no "nonmagnetic layers" on surfaces of the substrates. Heat treatments of the oxides with adsorbed u9Sb6+ increased the hyperfine magnetic fields on u9Sn4+. The variation of hyperfine fields on 119Sn4+ was interpreted in terms of various U9Sn4+-ion locations in the surface layers.
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