This paper presents an interactive tool for designing and simulating textile images. It comprises a yarn editor, a textile editor and a texture mapper. These subsystems share a colour editor that can modify the colours of yarn and textile images interactively. We describe how yarn and textile images are generated, and how they are mapped to a target picture read from an image scanner. The user interface in the tool has many useful functions so that users can design textile images without knowledge of computer graphics and programming languages. Several examples of texture mapping are included. KEY WORDS Textile design Textile image simulation Texture mapping Yarn image Graphics user interface CCC 1049-8907/94/O40265-15 0 1 9 9 4
Collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (CID-MS/MS) was effective for estimating the substituent groups of porphyrin. The substituents of the porphyrin plane, which form the pathway for an oxygenbinding reaction, are essential for its oxygen-binding affinity. The CID-MS/MS of 5,10,15-tris(o-pivalamidophenyl)monoaminoporphyrinatocobalt and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrinatocopper was measured, and their fragmentations were studied using B/E-constant and B(1-E)"2/E constant linked-scan techniques. These CID-MS/MS spectra clearly show that the substituent group represents the eliminations of the alkyl and acyl radicals from the molecular ions. Thus, the CID-MS/MS technique has been proven to be useful for characterizing porphyrin substituents.
The applicability of high-energy fast atom bombardment (FAB) collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (CID-MS/MS) to the structural characterization of side-chains of porphyrin derivatives with a "tailed picketfence" structure was examined. These porphyrins showed a molecular ion EBEB-type four-sector tandem mass spectrometer, showed charge-remote product ions much more clearly than those observed in B/E-constant linked-scan spectra.
KeywordsPorphyrin, mass spectrometry, collision-induced dissociation, fast atom bombardmentVarious investigations on porphyrin derivatives as an oxygen carrier have been reported. Modifications at the porphyrin plane have recently become more precise and complicated.' We recently reported on the structural characterization of picket-fence porphyrins based on electron ionization collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (El CID-MS/ MS).2 These experiments indicated that El CID-MS/ MS techniques are useful for the structural characterization of porphyrin derivatives.The general applications of electron ionization to a wide range of organic compounds are limited by the requirement for sample vaporization prior to ionization. This difficulty has required the new ionization techniques. Fast atom bombardment (FAB) ionization produces the molecular-related ions of non-volatile compounds. Although FAB ionization produces moleculerelated ions without thermal decomposition, it is not a soft ionization technique, like field desorption. Bombardment with highly energetic particles produce many fragment ions as well as molecular ions. However, fragment ions diagnostic of the structure are often smeared by the matrix ion.Tandem mass spectrometry has selectively shown sample-originated ions, and provides a fingerprint spectrum which is characteristic of the molecular structure. Collisional activation is also a valuable method for producing structural information when the primary ionization process does not introduce sufficient energy for fragmentation.In this paper we compare the electron ionization and FAB ionization methods for high-energy CID-MS/MS to structural characterization of the picket-fence porphyrinatocobalt, as shown in Fig.
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