This paper gives an overview of the current status of Japan’s national industrial ceramic gas turbine (CGT) project. The goals are 42 percent and higher thermal efficiency at the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1350°C, and the emission from the exhaust gas should meet the regulatory values (for example, 70 ppm for NOx). Also, ceramic material properties have the goals of 400 MPa for the minimum guaranteed strength at 1500°C, and 15 MPam for the fracture toughness. Currently, the basic metal gas turbine of TIT 900°C with all metallic components has already been fabricated and is running under some test conditions. The design of the basic ceramic gas turbine of TIT 1200°C has been completed and its manufacture is in progress. Research is addressing the production of large, complicated ceramic parts, and parts with less deformation and fewer defects can now be produced.
The characteristics and the points of innovation for the ceramic technology established in the Japanese national energy conservation project supported by Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) MITI, entitled “The 300kW Industrial Ceramic Gas Turbine Research and Development Project” have been cleared and reviewed. Especially, from the viewpoint of the role and the characteristics of the ceramic components, the progress of the three types of the ceramic gas turbines, which are: (a) “Regenerative Single–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Cogeneration” (CGT–301); (b) “Regenerative Two–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Cogeneration” (CGT–302) and (c) “Regenerative Two–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Mobile Power Generation” (CGT–303), has been explained in parallel. All ceramic components have already been manufactured for the turbine inlet temperature of 1200 deg C and tested as the components, which will be assembled and evaluated as the interim evaluation test in 1993. Especially, the characteristics of the ceramic components have been reviewed in several points such as the fabrication process for clearing the contrast among three types of ceramic gas turbine.
The Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT) has great advantages in terms of energy efficiency, environmental protection, and fuel-diversification. In Japan, R&D on the 300 kW CGT has been carried out as one of the national projects entitled “New Sunshine Program”, which are promoted by the New Sunshine Project Promotion Headquarters, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). R&D on the CGT has progressed faithfully and now the operation of prototype CGTs (Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) of 1200 °C) is focused. In the paper, the overall status of the R&D activities on the 300 kW CGT will be reviewed with the test results to-date, problems awaiting solution, and perspective for the prototype and pilot CGTs.
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Advanced technologies in Ceramics Gas Turbine (CGT) are expected to make a great progress in energy conservation, anti-pollution, and fuel-diversification. In Japan, R&D’s in industrial usage 300 kW class CGT have been advanced under a national project entitled “New Sunshine Program”, under the subsidy of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) through the period of FY1988–1996. In this project, three different type prototypes of the CGT are under development through New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). Over the last six years, the basic designs have been completed and the ceramic elements such as turbine rotors, scrolls, and combustors were successfully fabricated. To check up the whole progress of the project, an interim evaluation is scheduled by the end of FY1993. Toward this evaluation, each prototype has been programmed to demonstrate 1200°C of Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) and prove more than 30% of thermal efficiency. (The ultimate target in the project is 42% of thermal efficiency at 1350°C TIT.) They would also show enough environmental adaptability. In this paper, overall status of the development in the 300kW CGT project is reviewed and the items in the interim evaluation are explained.
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