The six already known infraspecific taxa in Cavolinia longirostris (De Blainville, 1821), presently in the genus Diacavolinia, are raised to species rank and sixteen species and two formae new to science are described in this genus from different oceanic areas. Some shell structures in the Cavoliniinae are described for the first time and the phylogeny of the group is discussed.
(1) It is difficult to tear off experimentally the scales of mud-loach, Misgurnus fossilis anguillicaudatus, because of their relatively small size. If the operation is carried out unski llfully, deformed scales would oftenly be regenerated on account of presumptive damage of the scale pockets.(2) The early regenerative scales have a broad scuiptureless focal area occupying almost all of the scale dimention, and they resemble the ordinary scales of Cobitis taenia.(3) Regenerative scales observed 172 days after the operation are a little smaller in the whole shape and somewhat fewer in number of circular grooves than the ordinary ones. As time goes by, the structure of the former bears resemblance to that of the latter and conse quently when the breeding of the fishes is continued, it may be supposed that these regenera ted scales would completely return to the ordinary ones.
Hisao KOBAYASI and Takeshi MAEDA** (1) The characteristics of pharyngeal bones and their teeth in two genera and seven species of Japanese Acheilognathid fishes are described in this paper .
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