Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) confers cytoprotection against oxidative stress. A (GT)n dinucleotide repeat in the 5-flanking region of human HO-1 gene shows length polymorphism, which was classified into S (< 27 GT), M (27-32 GT), and L alleles (> 33 GT). Polymorphism in the HO-1 gene promoter was shown to be associated with susceptibility to pulmonary emphysema and restenosis after angioplasty. However, the biologic mechanism underlying these associations is still unclear. To examine this issue, we established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from subjects possessing S/S or L/L genotypes. HO-1 mRNA expressions and HO activities induced by oxidative stress were significantly higher in LCLs with S/S than those with L/L. Furthermore, LCLs with S/S were significantly more resistant to oxidant-induced apoptosis than those with L/L. These findings suggested that the polymorphism of the HO-1 gene is associated with the strength of antiapoptotic effects of HO-1, resulting in an association with susceptibility to oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
Contrast-enhanced T1 SPGR imaging is crucial to detect small veins in the preoperative diagnosis. Division of the culprit veins is recommended if the diameter is smaller than the VCPF as it provides a better outcome and lower recurrence rate than transposition.
A series of amorphous phosphates of Ce1
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Ti
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P2O7 has been developed as a band gap tunable inorganic material. The optical absorption edge can be tuned through the desired range in the ultraviolet region by simple composition adjustments. This amorphous material consists of harmless elements and is a promising safety sunscreen agent.
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