A study of the prevalence of Parkinson''s disease (PD) was conducted in a Japanese city in 1992, and the data compared with those of a similar study performed in 1980. On the prevalence day, April 1, 1992, a total of 156 patients (46 males and 110 females) were found to be living in the investigated area, which had a population of 132,315. The prevalence per 100,000 population was 117.9 (72.8 in males and 159.1 in females), and the incidence during the period 1989 through 1992 was 15.0 per 100,000 population per year. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence per 100,000 population was 99.5 in 1992 and 103.9 in 1980, as calculated using the 1990 Japanese population as the standard. The age-adjusted prevalence in the population under 60 years of age and the incidence in those under 55 years of age in 1992 were lower than in those under 55 in 1980. These results revealed that changes in the age structure of the population were the main contributors to the increased incidence of PD.
Summary. The cell surface zinc metalloproteinase CD10/ neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) is expressed on normal and malignant lymphoid progenitors, granulocytes and a variety of epithelial cells. Because CD10/NEP functions as part of a regulatory loop that controls local concentrations of peptide substrates and associated peptide-mediated signal transduction, its role in each tissue is different depending on the availability of substrate. To characterize further how this widely distributed molecule is regulated differentially in each tissue, we analysed the major type 2 CD10/NEP promoter and found three functionally important transcription factor binding sites, one of which was identical to CCAATbinding transcription factor/nuclear transcription factor Y. In this report, we analyse the type 1 CD10/NEP promoter and found a functionally important transcription factor binding site in the 5¢-untranslated region. The results of the competition and supershift experiments demonstrated that the functionally important transcription factor was identical to Sp1. Our results suggest that ubiquitously expressed Sp1 may play an important role in differentiation stage-specific regulation of CD10/NEP expression in lymphoid lineage.
In nine outbreaks that occurred in the Kyushu district between 1988 and 1993, we determined the nucleotide sequences of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) gene fragments amplified by RT-PCR and molecular-epidemiologically analyzed the NLV epidemics. It is known that the NLV strains isolated from nine outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, were divided into five clusters consisting of two genogroups. Described by the year of outbreaks, the genogroup-1 (Norwalk-like virus group) was prevalent in 1988, 1989, and 1992, the genogroup-2 (snow mountain-like virus group) was detected in 1988, 1989, and 1993. Especially it was revealed that various strains of NLV were prevalent in the Kyushu district from 1988 to 1989. Epidemics of the Norwalk-like strain continued to be prevalent in 1992 (FP/7/92), and the strains very close to OSAP 18 continued to be prevalent in 1993 (FP/8/93, FP/9/93). Although the strains belonging to Norwalk virus (KY89) in the genogroup-1 and belonging to P1B (OSAP 18) in the genogroup-2 were detected for a prolonged period from 1988 to 1992/ 1993, the homology in these strains was very close, and this study shows that a high homogeneity was conserved in these strains. It was revealed that various strains of NLV were prevalent in the Kyushu district from 1988 to 1989.
Abstract. cellular PrP (PrP c ) is necessary for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSe) infection. The purpose of the present experiment was the quantification
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