Background: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a common screening instrument excluding somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety, but previous studies have reported inconsistencies of its factor structure. The construct validity of the Japanese version of the HADS has yet to be reported. To examine the factor structure of the HADS in a Japanese population is needed.

Background: The Inventory of Personality Organisation (IPO) is a self-report measure that reflects personality traits, as theorised by Kernberg.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract