BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Pulsed arterial spin-labeling, DTI, and MR spectroscopy provide useful data for tumor evaluation. We evaluated multiple parameters by using these pulse sequences and the Ki-67 labeling index in newly diagnosed supratentorial gliomas.

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are congenital abnormalities of the cerebral vessels. The de novo development of new lesions in this disease has been reported. However, the underlying mechanism of progressive CCMs in such patients remains unclear. This report documents two cases of multiple probable CCMs that showed a progressive behaviour. The plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentration of both VEGF and TGF-beta1 in plasma was increased in these patients. A relationship was observed between high concentrations of growth factors and progressive CCMs. Even though a causal linkage between these conditions cannot be confirmed, a continuous high VEGF level in plasma could be a possible clinical indicator for subsequent intracerebral haemorrhages in the CCM patients.

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Edaravone may act as a neuroprotector for the hippocampus after SE by reducing at least iNOS although the low dose of drug easier induces SE because of preventing an endogenous antiepileptic effect of NO.

The combination of leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications, and cysts (LCC) constitutes a rare cerebral disorder characterized by distinctive neuroradiological and clinical findings. Twenty-eight cases of LCC have been reported. Surgery is usually required to treat progressively expanding cysts, but surgical strategies have been varied. The authors present the case of a patient who underwent 4 surgical procedures for repeated cyst formation. The first operation was performed for the removal of a cyst and to make a histopathological diagnosis. The second and third operations were performed to treat de novo cysts. The fourth operation was performed to treat a recurrence. This is the first reported case of LCC in which it was necessary to perform surgery 4 times, in large part due to de novo cyst formation. It provides evidence that multiple cysts may develop in these patients and that several surgical operations may be needed to treat LCC. Stereotactic aspiration with Ommaya reservoir placement is an appropriate procedure for this condition because it is less invasive and more repeatable than open surgery.

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