A new electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) suitable for use as a cathode for primary or secondary Li-cells has been developed. The heat-treated product is a high surface area EMD (HSA EMD), which was prepared by anodic deposition from an MnSO4/H2SO4 electrolyte at a high current density. It shows excellent electrochemical behavior as a cathode for Li cells. This electrode material discharges its theoretical capacity during the first discharge process and has satisfactory cycling behavior. Measurement indicates that HSA EMD has a quicker open-circuit-voltage (OCV) recovery than common EMD. This suggests that fast Li ion diffusion occurs in this material A two or more phase reaction occurs during the first discharge in the Li/HSA EMD cell. In contrast, repeated discharge/charges are fundamentally a single phase reaction. The relationship between the OCV voltage plateau during the first discharge and structure of the HSA EMD is discussed.
A relationship between the water purifying effect and structure of 0.5xNa 2 O·0.5xCaO·5Fe 2 O 3 ·(95-x)SiO 2 glass (Na 2 O/CaO = 1; NCFS glass) with 'x' of 20 and 50 were investigated by means of 57 Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), as well as absorption spectroscopy, pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) measurements. In the case NCFS glass with 'x' of 20, dissolved amounts of total Fe, Na + , and Ca 2+ were respectively estimated to be 13.6, 39.1 and 36.7 mg/l, after 10 day-leaching test. On the other hand, the dissolved amounts of total Fe, Na + and Ca 2+ were determined to be 34.3, 647.6 and 667.6 mg/l, respectively when 'x' was 50. The original pH value of 6.0 was increased to 10.0 and 11.6 after leaching test of NCFS glasses with 'x' of 20 and 50, respectively. At the same time, the ORP value was decreased from 30.0 to −195.8 and −284.7 mV in the glasses with 'x' of 20 and 50, respectively.
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