Guided by town planning regulations, Paris has maintained its townscape characterized by the continuity of building facades. They show similarity but are not homogeneous as they are based on various generations. Comparing with characheristic facades of urban-blocks, this paper analyses the design of surface-layers of individual buildings infi lled in urban-blocks (Block-Infi ll Architecture). The characteristics of facades of urban-blocks is classifi ed into 4 types by focusing on arrangements of additions such as balcons, louvers and slabs. The design of surface-layers of Block-Infi ll Architecture is classifi ed into 11 types by focusing on types of the windows, their arrangements and their sectional compositions. As the result, 5 typical relationships are pointed out between Block-Infi ll Architectures and urban-blocks. It indicates that the surface-layers of Block-Infi ll Architecture are in line of harmonizing with the surrounding facades incorporating with some of the characteristics of the urbanblocks.
This papcf a 血 ls Io analyzc the spa 丘a匡characteristics of Extended Pedestdan Spa s (EPS)in the old disUict of Macao . IACM planned various EPS toIpeovide small operi spaces not only for tourists but also for local peoplc . They are considered as an adaptation of the spatial concept of Chin − Dci i 皿 trOduced by Portuguese . Focus血 g on fom ぬ on and cdon of 血e com d s be廨 e α o EPS and 鋤 ac t s 廿eets , the spatial characteristics of EPS is idend 血ed as coordinativc among the complex urban functions 、 This indicates 重 11e eff tive types of smaU open public space to adjust the mixture of flmctiens for the high − dense cityL
The aim of this study is to clarify characteristics of facade design in refurbished traditional Japanese timber houses, focusing on roof shape and exterior elements after refurbishing. Firstly, roof shape is analyzed according to frame construction system, surface materials, the relationship to outer structure and skylight. Secondly, analyzing arrangement of window and exterior design as "exterior element", 3 types of composition are pointed out. In conclusion, 10 types of facade design are pointed out, and their characteristics are clarifi ed.
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