We have synthesized Co fine particles with the average diameter (D) of less than 500 Å by sputtering Co in a somewhat high inert-gas pressure. It has been found that there is a close relationship between the particle size and the crystal phase; that is, pure fcc ͑͒ phase for Dр200 Å, a mixture of hcp ͑␣͒ and  phases for D ϳ300 Å, and ␣ phase with inclusion of a very small amount of  phase for Dу400 Å. Precise structural characterizations have revealed that the  particles are multiply twinned icosahedrons and the ␣ particles are perfect single crystals with external shape of a Wulff polyhedron. In order to explain the size effect on the crystal phase of Co fine particles, we have performed theoretical calculations for total free energies of an ␣ single crystal, a  single crystal, and a multiply twinned  icosahedron. The present calculations well explain the size dependence of the crystal phase of the Co fine particles, and have revealed that the stabilization of  phase, confirmed by previous studies, is the intrinsic effect caused by the small dimensionality of fine particles. Moreover, the phase transformations that occurred in annealing experiments can also be explained by the theory. ͓S0163-1829͑97͒05145-X͔
Genetic ablation of Atp6ap2 created a loss-of-function model for V-ATPase. The gene product of ATP6AP2 is considered to act as in 2 ways: (1) as (P)RR, exerting a RAS-related function; and (2) as the V-ATPase-associated protein, exerting a non-RAS-related function that is essential for cell survival.
The Protein Data Bank Japan (PDBj), a member of the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB), accepts and processes the deposited data of experimentally determined biological macromolecular structures. In addition to archiving the PDB data in collaboration with the other wwPDB partners, PDBj also provides a wide range of original and unique services and tools, which are continuously improved and updated. Here, we report the new RDB PDBj Mine 2, the WebGL molecular viewer Molmil, the ProMode‐Elastic server for normal mode analysis, a virtual reality system for the eF‐site protein electrostatic molecular surfaces, the extensions of the Omokage search for molecular shape similarity, and the integration of PDBj and BMRB searches.
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