Innovative techniques, such as environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, are now promoting broader biodiversity monitoring at unprecedented scales, because of the reduction in time, presumably lower cost, and methodological efficiency. Our goal was to assess the efficiency of established inventory techniques (live‐trapping grids, pitfall traps, camera trapping, mist netting) as well as eDNA for detecting Amazonian mammals. For terrestrial small mammals, we used 32 live‐trapping grids based on Sherman and Tomahawk traps (total effort of 10,368 trap‐nights); in addition to 16 pitfall traps (1,408 trap‐nights). For bats, we used mist nets at 8 sites (4,800 net hours). For medium and large mammals, we used 72 camera trap stations (5,208 camera‐days). We identified vertebrate and mammal taxa based on eDNA analysis (12S region, with V05 and Mamm01 markers) from water samples, including a total of 11 3‐km transects for stagnant water sampling and seven small streams for running water sampling. A total of 106 mammal species were recorded. Building on sample‐based rarefaction and extrapolation curves, both trapping grids and pitfall were successful, recording 91.16% and 82.1% of the expected species for these techniques (~22 and ~9 species), and 16.98% and 6.60% of the total recorded mammal species, respectively. Mist nets recorded 83.2% of the expected bat species (~48), and 34.91% of the total recorded species. Camera trapping recorded 99.2% of the predicted large‐ and medium‐sized species (~31), and 33.02% of the total recorded species. eDNA recorded 75.4% of the expected mammal species for this technique (~68), and 47.0% of the total recorded species. eDNA resulted in a useful tool that saves on effort and reduces sampling costs. This study is among the first to show the large potential of eDNA metabarcoding for assessing Amazonian mammal communities, providing, in combination with conventional techniques, a rapid overview of mammal diversity with broad applications to monitoring, management and conservation. By including appropriate genetic markers and updated reference databases, eDNA metabarcoding method can be extended to the whole vertebrate community.

Th e Neotropical lichen mimicking mantid genus Pseudopogonogaster Beier, 1942 is revisited and re-described. Th e examination of the type species, P. mirabilis Beier, 1942, the fi rst described species of this lineage, allowed us to determine that those species currently included in Pseudopogonogaster and Calopteromantis Terra, 1982 are all congeneric. As a result, the genus Calopteromantis is now considered to be a junior synonym of Pseudopogonogaster . Accordingly, Calopteromantis hebardi Terra, 1982 and Calopteromantis marulandae Salazar, 2002 are transferred to Pseudopogonogaster . Th e species Calopteromantis otongica Lombardo & Ayala, 1998 from Ecuador was also found to be a synonym of P. mirabilis . In addition, a new species from northwestern Peru, Pseudopogonogaster kanjaris , is described herein, thus constituting a new genus and species record for this country. Analysis of the distribution of the six recognized species of Pseudopogonogaster suggests that this genus is endemic to the mountain forests of Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru and its members are specialized inhabitants of epiphytic vegetation, exhibiting unique morphological and chromatic adaptations to these habitats. Th e newly available information on Pseudopogonogaster also allowed to determine that Calopteromantis terrai Jantsch, 1994, described from Mato Grosso, Brazil, is actually a member of the genus Eumiopteryx Giglio-Tos, 1915 (Th espidae: Pseudomiopteriginae) and, thus, is transferred to this genus as E. terrai (Jantsch, 1994) comb.n. ResumenEl género Neotropical de mantis liquen, Pseudopogonogaster Beier, 1942, es reanalizado y redescrito. El estudio de la especie tipo, P. mirabilis Beier, 1942, la primera especie de este linaje en ser descrita, J. Rivera et al. / Insect Systematics & Evolution 42 (2011) 313-335 permitió determinar que aquellas especies incluidas en Pseudopogonogaster y Calopteromantis Terra, 1982 son todas cogenéricas. Como resultado, el género Calopteromantis es considerado un nuevo sinónimo de Pseudopogonogaster . De este modo, Calopteromantis hebardi Terra, 1982 y Calopteromantis marulandae Salazar, 2002 son transferidas a Pseudopogonogaster . La especie Calopteromantis otongica Lombardo & Ayala, 1998 de Ecuador es también sinonimizada con P. mirabilis . En adición, se describe Pseudopogonogaster kanjaris sp. n., del noroeste del Perú, constituyendo así un nuevo registro genérico y específi co para este país. El análisis de la distribución de las seis especies reconocidas de Pseudopogonogaster sugiere que este género es endémico de los bosques montanos de Colombia, Ecuador y norte del Perú, y cuyos miembros se especializan en habitar sobre vegetación epífi ta, mostrando adaptaciones morfológicas y cromáticas únicas para tal hábitat. El nuevo conocimiento disponible permitió determinar que Calopteromantis terrai Jantsch, 1994, descrita del Mato Grosso, Brasil, es en realidad un miembro del género Eumiopteryx Giglio-Tos, 1915 (Th espidae: Pseudomiopteriginae) por lo que es transferida a este último género ...

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