The occurrence of vast amounts of streamers was observed widely in acid mine drainage water from the abandoned Matsuo sulfur and iron sulfide mine area. The acid streamers were commonly white or cream colored and gelatinous, and were composed of many fine fibers. The streamers showed strong oxidizing activity of ferrous iron, sulfur and thiosulfate in an inorganic acid environment. Microscopic examinations of the streamers indicated that morphologically-similar bacterial rods multiplied in a long oriented cell chain and that a great number of the bacterial cell chains were combined in a zoogleal big conglomeration. The acid streamers were a mass of acidophilic, obligately chemolithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria, proved to be Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which were embedded in a gelatinous matrix.Acid mine drainage water from coal and pyritic mines is characterized by high concentrations of hydrogen ion (low pH), sulfate, both ferrous and ferric iron, and also heavy metals because of the oxidation and consequent degradation of mineral sulfide ores by the activity of acidophilic thiobacilli, such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans.
To compare the difference of constituents in the pericarp and in the leaf of Citrus species, polyoxygenated flavones were examined using the leaves of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae). Two new flavones, which were not detected in the pericarps of the plant, were isolated, along with other polyoxygenated flavones (1). In this paper the structure elucidation and the syntheses of the flavones are described.Besides eight known polyoxygenated flavones (5-hydroxy-3',4',
The protective effects of the Na + /H + exchange inhibitors amiloride, EIPA (5-(N-ethyl-Nisopropyl)-amiloride), and HOE 694 (3-methylsulfonyl-4-(1-piperidino) benzoyl-guanidine) and the Na + / Ca 2+ exchange inhibitor, DCB (3,4-Dichlorobenzamil) on ischemia (30 min) / reperfusion (30 min) injury were studied using Langendorff perfused rat hearts. EIPA and HOE 694 given before ischemia protected the heart during reperfusion from mechanical and metabolic disturbances. A weak protective effect was observed with amiloride, but not with DCB. The cardioprotective efficacies of these compounds correlated with their potencies as Na + /H + exchange inhibitors as assessed by the NH 4 Cl prepulse method. None of the inhibitors was effective when given at reperfusion. EIPA and HOE 694 decreased myocardial rigidity as assessed by the resting tension (RT) which elevated during reperfusion. EIPA led to a more marked attenuation of RT elevation during reperfusion rather than ischemia, whereas diltiazem, a Ca 2+ channel blocker, suppressed RT elevation during ischemia but did not cause a further attenuation of RT during reperfusion. Treatment with EIPA as well as diltiazem before ischemia showed a direct negative chronotropic effect. Cardioprotective effects were also observed with diltiazem. These results suggest that Na + /H + exchange plays a more important role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury than does Na + /Ca 2+ exchange. The cardioprotective effects of EIPA appear to be produced by Ca 2+ channel blockade during ischemia and by Na + /H + exchange inhibition during reperfusion. Drug Dev. Res. 48:160-170, 1999.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.