Definitive chemoradiotherapy for patients with synchronous HNSCC and EC is feasible with a low mortality rate and acceptable morbidity.

Environmental problems arise from the pollution of ground water and soil by propyzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(3-methyl-1-butyn-3-yl) benzamide, which is a popular herbicide. To decompose propyzamide, aqueous solutions containing propyzamide and TiO2 particles was irradiated by light. The photocatalytic decomposition was accelerated when the solution temperature and pH were high. The temperature dependence was due to the adsorption processes of propyzamide on the TiO2 particles. The decomposition was further promoted by addition of H2O2 because of its effective electron-trapping and generated *OH which was available to decompose propyzamide. Although no propyzamide was detected in the solution after the irradiation time of about 20 min, the decomposed intermediate compounds still remained. In order to mineralize completely propyzamide, simultaneous irradiation by light and ultrasonic waves was carried out. The hybrid effect of the irradiation by light and ultrasonic waves in conjunction with H2O2 was first confirmed to achieve the complete mineralization of propyzamide.

SummaryMedical staffs like radiological technologists, doctors, and nurses are at an increased risk of exposure to radiation while assisting the patient in a position or monitor contrast medium injection during computed tomography (CT). However, methods to protect medical staff from radiation exposure and protocols for using radiological protection equipment have not been standardized and differ among hospitals. In this study, the distribution of scattered X-rays in a CT room was measured by placing electronic personal dosimeters in locations where medical staff stands beside the CT scanner gantry while assisting the patient and the exposure dose was measured. Moreover, we evaluated non-uniform exposure and revealed effective techniques to reduce the exposure dose to medical staff during CT. The dose of the scattered X-rays was the lowest at the gantry and at the examination table during both head and abdominal CT. The dose was the highest at the trunk of the upper body of the operator corresponding to a height of 130 cm during head CT and at the head corresponding to a height of 150 cm during abdominal CT. The maximum dose to the crystalline lens was approximately 600 Sv during head CT. We found that the use of volumetric CT scanning and X-ray protective goggles, and face direction toward the gantry reduced the exposure dose, particularly to the crystalline lens, for which lower equivalent dose during CT scan has been recently recommended in the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 118.

A rapid and sensitive sandwich immunoassay based on a sequential injection analysis (SIA) for the determination of carp vitellogenin (Vg) is described. The SIA system was constructed from a syringe pump, a multiposition valve, a flow-through type immunoreaction cell equipped with a magnet and an amperometric detector. Magnetic microbeads immobilized with an anti-Vg monoclonal antibody (primary antibody) were used as a solid support. The primary antibody was immobilized on magnetic microbeads by coupling the primary antibody with a polylactic acid-layer, which was coated on the surface of the magnetic beads, after activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide. The introduction, trapping and flushing out of the magnetic microbeads in the immunoreaction cell were controlled by the magnet and the flow of the carrier solution. After the primary antibody-immobilized magnetic beads were introduced and trapped in the immunoreaction cell, a Vg sample solution, an alkaline phosphatase (AP)-labeled anti-Vg polyclonal antibody (secondary antibody) solution and a p-aminophenyl phosphate (PAPP) solution were sequentially introduced into the immunoreaction cell based on an SIA programmed sequence. Vg was determined by the electrochemical detection of p-aminophenol (PAP), an enzymatic product of PAPP via the action by AP labeled on the secondary antibody. A solution containing PAP, which was generated in the immunoreaction cell and transiently held in a holding coil, was transported to the amperometric detector and the oxidation current of PAP on a working electrode applied at þ 0.20 V was measured. A sigmoidal calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range from 1 ppb to 500 ppb in a plot of oxidation current against the logarithm of the Vg concentration. The lower detection limit of the immunoassay was about 2 -3 ppb. The time required for an analysis was ca. 15 min/sample.

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment modality for patients with stage I esophageal cancer.

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