Cancer cell interaction with adipose tissue is crucial for the finding of spiculation at mammography.

The study aimed to determine the association between cytotoxin-associated gene product (CagA), serum gastrin and pepsinogen levels in Japanese children infected with Helicobacter pylori. Three hundred children were enrolled in the study. H. pylori infection was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CagA status was assessed using immunoblotting. Serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. H. pylori seroprevalence was 12.3% (37/300) and CagA status was identified in 28/37 H. pylori-seropositive children (75.7%). Serum pepsinogen I and II levels were significantly higher in CagA-seropositive than CagA-seronegative children with H. pylori infection. There was no significant relationship between CagA seropositivity and serum gastrin levels. In conclusion, CagA status has a significant impact on serum pepsinogen levels, possibly through enhanced gastric mucosal inflammation.

The changes of the action potential (AP), the summating potential (SP) and cochlear microphonics (CM) were investigated in reference to the grade of endolymphatic hydrops produced by endolymphatic sac obliteration in guinea pigs. In a few cases with minimum endolymphatic hydrops, super-normal AP was obtained. With an increase of endolymphatic hydrops, CM responses were reduced although AP responses at intensive stimulation were maintained relatively well. It is thought that the polarity of positive SP, as observed in control, was influenced to deflect towards negative SP by an interaction between the increased degree of endolymphatic hydrops and the changes of the biochemical components of the inner ear fluids.

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The knowledge of this fatal complication is crucial for management of postoperative complication. For early and accurate diagnosis, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is necessary in case of remnant gastric necrosis.