An individual marking method by placing spots of paint at five different sites on the thorax of mosquitoes was applied and a short-term ecological study on movement of Ae. albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus was conducted during 18 to 27 March 2013 in a residential area on Ishigaki island, Japan. There were 2 preservation areas with vegetation, human dwellings, shops and buildings, and habitats of Ae. albopictus were distributed patchily in the study area of 230 m×250 m. Individual marking was carried out during the first 7 days, and 232 and 216 females of Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus, respectively, were marked and released from 4 collection sites. The overall recapture rate of released females was significantly higher for Ae. albopictus (0.21=48/232) than Ar. subalbatus (0.09=20/216). The recapture rate of Ae. albopictus varied among collection sites. Analysis of the movements of released mosquitoes among collection sites indicated that the collection site inside the large preservation area was suitable for resting/searching Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus and many females were accumulated through directional movements from the surrounding habitats. The individual marking method used in this study is applicable to field studies of the movements of Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus.
House dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae) in bedding and clothes are a major allergen. However, house dust mites cannot be killed by general washing conditions under 50˚C. Therefore, lowtemperature washing conditions must be improved to eliminate house dust mites. Sodium alkyl acyloxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) is a bleach activator that is used to intensify the bleaching effects of some laundry products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of OBS on the elimination of house dust mites in low-temperature washing conditions. D. farinae was soaked in solutions containing different types of OBS for various durations and at various temperatures. The miticidal effects of the various washing conditions were also evaluated for D. farinae. Then sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate (OBS-12) produced the highest D. farinae mortality rate among the OBS solutions that were examined and had a stronger miticidal effect than available chlorine under general washing conditions. OBS exhibited miticidal effects under general washing conditions at low temperatures. Since OBS is already used as an additive in some laundry products to increase the bleaching activity, OBS can be easily used to kill house dust mites under general washing conditions.
Lethal effects of two types of oxygen absorbers on three house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. The lethal effects of two types of oxygen absorbers on the house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae, D.pteronyssinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae were studied. The mortality obtained after 48 hours in an air-tight container with iron (Fe)-type oxygen absorbers was 100% for D. farinae, and D. pteronyssinus, but was not 100% for T. putrescentiae. On the other hand, the mortality obtained after 72 hours in an air-tight container with ascorbicacid-type oxygen absorbers was not 100% for either Dermatophagoides species, suggesting that their tolerance to oxygen deprivation increased in the presence of carbon dioxide derived from the ascorbic-acid-type of oxygen absorber.
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