Stagnation of peripheral blood ‰ow is the cause of various diseases. Changes in peripheral blood ‰ow after oral administration of Kampo medicines in mice with betamethasone-induced oketsu syndrome and normal mice were examined using a laser Doppler blood ‰ow meter. The Kampo medicines used were: Toki-shakuyaku-san; Kami-shoyosan; Keishi-bukuryo-gan; Daio-botanpi-to; Tokaku-joki-to; Goshuyu-to; and Hange-koboku-to. In the oketsu mice, blood ‰ow was improved by single-dose administration of Toki-shakuyaku-san, Kami-shoyo-san, Keishi-bukuryo-gan, Daio-botanpi-to, Tokaku-joki-to, and Goshuyu-to, but only Toki-shakuyaku-san increased blood ‰ow signiˆcantly in normal mice. In addition, blood ‰ow decreased after single-dose administration of Keishi-bukuryo-gan, Daio-botanpito, and Tokaku-joki-to in normal mice.
Background
The incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) is influenced by perinatal medicine and regional medical systems. We investigated the recent incidence of CP and the current problems of children with CP in living at home under an advanced perinatal medical system in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.
Methods
A clinical datasheet survey was performed among 13 hospitals and six rehabilitation facilities treating children with CP born in Tochigi Prefecture to estimate the incidence of CP among children born between 2009 and 2013. The severity of motor and intellectual impairment, presumed causal factors, complications, and provided medical interventions were investigated and compared between preterm and term‐born children with CP.
Results
The incidence of CP was 1.6 per 1000 live births. Shorter gestation period and lower birthweight were associated with a higher incidence of CP. Fifty‐one percent of children with CP were non‐ambulatory and 55% had severe to profound intellectual impairment. Episodes of neonatal asphyxia and periventricular leukomalacia were the most frequent causal factors; both were significantly more frequent in preterm than in term‐born children. Approximately 30% of children with CP had respiratory disorders, dysphagia, or epilepsy; 62% received medical interventions, including medication, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, tube feeding, and intraoral/intranasal suction.
Conclusion
We found the incidence of CP to be lower in comparison to previous Japanese studies. However, the motor and intellectual impairments were severe, and many children with CP and their families were burdened by daily medical care. Public support systems should be developed, as well as the perinatal medical system.
Varicella virus infection is potentially serious in an immunocompromised patient, with possible complications including pneumonia, hepatitis, and encephalitis. 1 For this reason, immunization with LAVV is strongly recommended for transplant candidates, as far as is practical and possible. 2 However, vaccination opportunities prior to transplantation are often restricted by the patient's age or poor state of their general condition. When vaccinating immunosuppressed patients with LAVV, it may not be possible to completely prevent the development of varicella, even in the post-transplant period with good host immune function. However, even if varicella does develop under these conditions, it may be less severe and have fewer serious complications. 3,4 Based on current experience, LAVV is considered to be a relatively safe vaccine. 5 Furthermore, previous reports have confirmed that antibody titer after LAVV may reach an acceptable level. 3,6 However, there are two open issues with LAVV for immunosuppressed patients. First, it is not clear how long the varicella
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