SummaryBackground: Although the incidence of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) has been increasing in Japan, patient characteristics, management strategies, and outcome

Despite the advances in our understanding of venous thromboembolic disease, the prevalence of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) at autopsy has not changed over 3 decades. When patients survive long enough to have a diagnosis of massive PTE and start receiving treatment, the outlook is considered to be moderately good. However, the diagnosis is often difficult to obtain and is frequently missed. We hypothesize that mortality of acute PTE is reduced by early diagnosis. Eighty-five patients with acute PTE with circulatory failure who survived 1 h after the onset were divided into two groups: the early Dx group consisted of the patients whose disease was diagnosed as acute PTE within 24 h of the onset, and the Late Dx group included patients whose disease was not diagnosed within 24 h of onset, or died without clinical diagnosis between 1 and 24 h after the onset. Overall mortality was significantly low in the Early Dx group compared with that of the Late Dx group (21.6% vs 67.6%, P < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a reduction in in-hospital mortality was associated with early diagnosis (odds ratio for in-hospital death, 0.094; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.33). The results of our study suggested that early diagnosis might favorably affect the in-hospital clinical outcome of hemodynamically unstable patients with acute PTE.

A sixty-three-year-old man presented himself with atrial flutter and congestive heart failure. Cardiac catheterization revealed that left ventricular diverticulum was located on the anterobasal wall with narrow connection to the left ventricular cavity. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. The patient had been asymptomatic until adult life with no other thoracoabdominal or cardiac anomalies. This is an extremely rare finding in the adult population.

Primary cardiac lymphomasdiagnosed antemortem are extremely rare. Wepresent a case of primary cardiac lymphomainitially diagnosed antemortem by cytologic examination of pericardial effusion fluid. Echocardiography suggested the presence of a tumor localized at the right ventricular free wall. The cytologic examination ofpericardial effusion was effective in establishing the correct antemortem diagnosis. (Internal Medicine 36: 417-419, 1997)

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Objective There are many reports on the diagnosis

Objective In this prospective, non-controlled observational study, we evaluated the middle-to long-term results of placement of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter devices in Japanese patients.Methods and results In 42 Japanese patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) who underwent percutaneous insertion of IVC filters, follow-up examinations at fixed intervals of 2 years were performed, and the data was evaluated including complications. There were no fatal complications during IVC filter implantation. About 5 %of patients with an inserted IVC filter developed symptomatic PTE, another 5 %devel-oped asymptomatic PTE. The trapped thrombus was demonstrated in about 22%of the inserted IVC filters. Lower rates of PTEdevelopment, occlusion of IVC, and captured thrombuswere found in the cases whereconcurrent use of anticoagulation therapy with filters was used. Trapped thrombi were found in half of IVC filters inserted prophylactically for proximal femoral venous thrombosis.Conclusion These experiences with IVCfilters suggest that they are safe and effective for the prevention of PTEin the Japanese population.

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