Introduction of clinical high-ˆeld MRI has raised interest in the use of clinical imaging-the e‹cacy of which has not yet been fully established-in daily practice. A high signal-to-noise ratio and profound susceptibility eŠects can improve the spatial resolution and image contrast of clinical imaging, whereas the heating eŠects of the radio frequency tend to prolong acquisition time. As well, inhomogeneities in the static or local magnetiĉ elds can have a negative eŠect on image quality. The T 1 prolongation may aŠect T 1 contrast yet improve the enhancement eŠect of gadolinium chelate and the in‰ow eŠect of MR angiography. High-contrast imaging, such as the short inversion-time inversion recovery technique, can provide excellent intra-and extracerebral contrast comparable to microscopic or macroscopic specimens. High-ˆeld systems can also be applied to microscopic imaging. High-ˆeld MRI is expected to have an increased clinical impact in the near future. Technological advances tailored to high-ˆeld systems, as well as the accumulation of scientiˆc evidence, will be necessary to establish its predominance over conventional MRI.
To elucidate MR imaging changes of the substantia innominata in Parkinson's disease (PD), using a 1.5-T superconductive MR unit, the thickness of the substantia innominata was measured on coronal thin-section images in 44 PD patients and 20 age-matched control subjects. We also evaluated the correlation between the thickness of the substantia innominata and mental status in PD patients. Mean thickness of the substantia innominata was 2.3 mm in PD patients, and 2.5 mm in control subjects. Thinning of the substantia innominata was statistically significant in PD patients compared with control subjects, although there were large overlaps. Among the PD patients, thinning was remarkable in cases with dementia. A positive correlation between thickness of substantia innominata and score of Mini-Mental-Status-Examination was also observed in PD patients. Atrophy of the substantia innominata was demonstrated, especially in PD patients with cognitive impairment, on coronal MR images, and this is compatible with the previous pathological reports.
We encountered three cases of lung disorders caused by drowning in the recent large tsunami that struck following the Great East Japan Earthquake. All three were females, and two of them were old elderly. All segments of both lungs were involved in all the three patients, necessitating ICU admission and endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. All three died within 3 weeks. In at least two cases, misswallowing of oil was suspected from the features noted at the time of the detection. Sputum culture for bacteria yielded isolation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Legionella pneumophila, Burkholderia cepacia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cause of tsunami lung may be a combination of chemical induced pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia.
MBP concentration at 2 weeks after CO inhalation confirmed a certain extent of demyelination in the central nervous system of patients who would develop chronic neurological symptoms. In these patients, FA sensitively represented damage to white matter fibers in the centrum semiovale in the subacute phase after CO intoxication.
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