This article aims at observing F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby that was first published in 1925, a novel about a man named Gatsby who wants to get his love back by making effort to be a rich person. The prominent color symbols and how the symbols represent the American Dream are the main concern of this article. Two objectives are set to guide the study of the novel. The first is to explai the color symbols that are prominent in the study, and the second is to analyze how the color symbols represent the American Dream. From the analysis, there are three prominent colors presented in the novel: green, white and gold. Green that symbolizes the American Dream of the better life and happiness can be seein in the green light, the green leather conservatory, the greenhouse, the apple-green shirts, the green jersey, the green card, the green Sound, and the green breast of the new world. White symbolizes the American Dream of of fame, wealth, perfection, innocence, and success. This color can be seen in the white palaces of fashionable East Egg, the white dress, the white windows, the white roadster, the white cards, and the white flannel suits. Gold that symbolizes the American Dream of material prosperity can be seen in the golden arm, the golden shoulder, the gold-colored tie, and the toilet set of pure dull gold color.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari cerita rakyat Indian Amerika dengan perspektif ekokritisme. Metode penelitian pustaka menggunakan 11 cerita rakyat sebagai sumber data primer. Pilihan cerita rakyat ini didasarkan pada asal geografis mereka sehingga dapat mewakili berbagai wilayah suku asli Amerika. Semua cerita rakyat tersebut sudah dalam bentuk naratif dan sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Sumber untuk cerita rakyat adalah Native American Folktales, diedit oleh Thomas A.Green (2009), dan Native American Fairytales, Folktales, and Fables (2017). Penelitian ini menetapkan dua tujuan, yaitu: (1) mengamati hubungan dan interaksi antara manusia dengan lingkungan alam yang disajikan dalam cerita rakyat, dan (2) mengungkap paradigma ekologis yang mendasari relasi dan interaksinya. Terlihat bahwa interaksi antara manusia dan lingkungan alamnya didasarkan pada saling pengertian, rasa hormat, dan kesetaraan. Suku asli Amerika percaya bahwa manusia datang ke dunia ini, dan bertahan hingga sekarang, hanya karena bantuan makhluk lain di alam. Manusia itu rapuh dan lemah dibandingkan makhluk lain. Paradigma ekologi yang mendasari keharmonisan hubungan antara manusia dan alam adalah sebagai berikut: (1) keberadaan lingkungan alam mendahului keberadaan manusia maka manusia harus bersyukur kepada pendahulunya; (2) semua makhluk di lingkungan alam memiliki jiwa, sama seperti manusia, sehingga mereka setara; (3) keberlanjutan manusia sangat bergantung pada keutuhan lingkungan alam. Artinya untuk menopang kehidupan manusia, manusia harus menjaga kesehatan alam.This research aims at studying American Indian folktales using the perspectives of ecocriticism. The library research method is applied, using 11 folktales as the sources for the primary data. The choice of these folktales is based on their geographical origins so that they could represent various areas of Native American tribes. All of the folktales are already in the form of narrative and have already been translated into English. Sources for the folktales are Native American Folktales, edited by Thomas A. Green (2009), and Native American Fairytales, Folktales, and Fables (2017). This research sets up two objectives, namely: (1) to observe the relation and interaction between human beings and their natural environment presented in the folktales, and (2) to reveal the ecological paradigms underlying their relation and interaction. It is observed in all of the folktales that the interactions between human beings and their natural environment are grounded on mutual understanding, respect, and equality. Native American tribes believe that humans beings came into this world, and survive up to now, only because of the help from other creatures in nature. Human beings are frail and weak compared to other beings. The ecological paradigms underlying the harmonious relationship between human beings and nature are as follows: (1) the existence of natural environment precedes the existence of human beings, and consequently, humans being should be thankful to their predecessors; (2) all creatures in the natural environment have souls, just like human beings, and thus they are equal; (3) the sustainability of human beings greatly depends on the wholesomeness of natural environment. This means that to sustain human beings’ life, human beings must preserve the health of nature.
Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot, a play published in 1948, not long after the break of World War II, displays absurdity through its theme, plot, setting and characters. Despite the postmodern label on the literary work itself, this article assumes that there are ideas of modernism contained within it, projected through the character of Vladimir. Six characters are analyzed in this study. They are Vladimir, Estragon, Pozzo, Lucky, and the Boy. Among these characters, Vladimir tends to be more of a modernist rather than a postmodernist. This is shown in his act of waiting for Godot while the others do not really concern about the relevance of Godot in determining the outcome of their fates. Vladimir rests his faith and hope in Godot, persuading his fellow tramp Estragon to accompany him during his wait. Vladimirs critical thinking and quest for answers give a clear place to stand for the other characters who dont present the importance of logical thinking. Vladimir stands out as a character with modernist values such as anticipating, reasoning, and relevant discoursing. Keywords: modernism, postmodernism, Samuel Beckett
As a type of formula fiction, a romance applies a fixed pattern of plot development, including the ending, which is always a happy one: celebrating the unification of the hero and heroine who previously struggled very hard against all obstacles threatening their mutual love. However, it does not mean that discussing the plot of romances is of no use. On the contrary, it is interesting to see how romance writers can create so many possibilities in the structure of the so-called formulaic plot. This study attempts to observe the benefit of characterization in the creation of these various structures of plot development. For this purpose, this study sets up two objectives. Firstly, the study observes the characterization of the hero and heroine as well as the construction of the plots. Secondly, the study points out the significance of characterization in driving the development of the plots. In the light of Cawelty's (1977) perspectives on literary formula and Radway's (1991) ideas about romance, this study concludes that the choice (i.e., the characterization) of "the hero and heroine" proves to be playing an essential role in the plot development. The gaps set between the hero and the heroine make it possible for the writers to develop various complicated plots, focusing on their relationship. Initially, it seems hard to match and unite the hero and the heroine in most romances. This fact, however, is the most crucial part of a romance. The struggles needed to overcome their problems will elicit more emotional conflicts and, thus, create more romantic suspense. The feeling of inferiority, jealousy, fear of losing the partner, and uncertainty about a deeper relationship is likely to occupy the heroine's (and sometimes the hero's) mind. And when they finally successfully overcome these problems, they will feel how great and strong their love is.
This article aims at observing F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby that was first published in 1925, a novel about a man named Gatsby who wants to get his love back by making effort to be a rich person. The prominent color symbols and how the symbols represent the American Dream are the main concern of this article. Two objectives are set to guide the study of the novel. The first is to explai the color symbols that are prominent in the study, and the second is to analyze how the color symbols represent the American Dream. From the analysis, there are three prominent colors presented in the novel: green, white and gold. Green that symbolizes the American Dream of the better life and happiness can be seein in the green light, the green leather conservatory, the green-house, the apple-green shirts, the green jersey, the green card, the green Sound, and the green breast of the new world. White symbolizes the American Dream of of fame, wealth, perfection, innocence, and success. This color can be seen in the white palaces of fashionable East Egg, the white dress, the white windows, the white roadster, the white cards, and the white flannel suits. Gold that symbolizes the American Dream of material prosperity can be seen in the golden arm, the golden shoulder, the gold-colored tie, and the toilet set of pure dull gold color.
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