Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to provide different levels of Quality of Services (QoS) based on the type of applications. Providing QoS support in wireless sensor networks is an emerging area of research. Due to resource constraints like processing power, memory, bandwidth and power sources in sensor networks, QoS support in WSNs is a challenging task. In this paper, we discuss the QoS requirements in WSNs and present a survey of some of the QoS aware routing techniques in WSNs. We also explore the middleware approaches for QoS support in WSNs and finally, highlight some open issues and future direction of research for providing QoS in WSNs.

In this paper, we present a novel energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks in which the sensor nodes as well as the base station are mobile. The protocol is hierarchical and cluster based from network structure perspective. Each cluster contains one cluster head node and two deputy cluster head nodes. The re-clustering time and energy has been minimized by introducing the concept of cluster head panel. Some simulation results are shown which depict the energy efficiency and prolonged life time of the nodes under the influence of the proposed protocol. Future scope of the work is outlined.Index Terms-wireless sensor networks, routing, reliability, energy efficiency I. INTRODUCTIONIRELESS sensor networks (WSN) have wide range of applications in military as well as civil life, such as combat field surveillance, target tracking in battlefields, intrusion detection system, post disaster rescue operations, smart home, monitoring and alarming systems for supermarkets, wildlife monitoring systems and many safety and security related applications. Routing of data in WSN is a critical task and significant amount of energy can be saved if routing can be carried out intelligently. Routing is a network layer issue of the protocol stack of WSN [1]. Multi-hop routing is another approach which is more energy efficient than direct communication [2].Hierarchical routing is considered to be energy efficient as well as scalable approach and there are several hierarchical routing protocols proposed for WSN [2] [3] [4] [5]. All these protocols consider a WSN with static sensor nodes. Though DSR [6], AODV[7], DSDV [8], TORA [9], ZRP [9] are some routing protocols existing for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) these are not well suited for WSN due to the different features and constraints of WSN and different requirement of WSN applications [10]. Routing in a WSN in

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