INTRODUCTIONAccording to Family Welfare Statistics 2011, Current population of India is 1.21 billion. 5.7% couples are effectively protected by using IUCD as a contraceptive measure. During the year 2010-11, 5.6 million IUCD insertion were reported as against 5.7 million in 2009-10. This shows decrease in acceptance rate of IUCD. Family planning is important not only for population stabilization, but it has been increasingly recognized as central tool to improve maternal and neonatal health.The methods of contraception currently available in India can be broadly divided into two categories, spacing methods and permanent methods. Spacing methodsThese are the reversible methods of contraception to be used by couples who wish to have children in future. These includes• Hormonal methods -oral/injectables • Barrier methods -male/female condoms ABSTRACT Background: Family planning is important not only for population stabilization, but it has been increasingly recognized as central tool to improve maternal and neonatal health. Aim of current study was to compare interval and post partum intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion in terms of effectiveness and safety. Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study, done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GMERS Medical College, Sola, Ahmedabad, from August 2015 to April 2017 was taken for evaluation. 80 women in each group who were inserted IUCD after delivery and in the interval period were studied. Outcome was measured by expulsion rate, continuation rate, and incidence of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), failure rate and effect on puerperium. Results: Expulsion rate in PPIUCD group was 8.75% while in interval IUCD group it was 1.25%. Continuation rate following Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) and interval IUCD insertion was 86.25% and 95% respectively. Incidence of bleeding per vaginum (menorrhagia) was 7.5% in PPIUCD group while 8.75% in interval IUCD group. There was one case 1.25% of PID in interval IUCD group while no case in PPIUCD was noted. Failure rate was nil in both the group. There was no effect on puerperium following PPIUCD insertion group during present study. Conclusions: PPIUCD is an effective and safe spacing method of contraception as compared to interval IUCD insertion. There is no statistically significant change in incidence of expulsion rate, continuation rate and other complications in both the group.