During the current pandemic, Pakistan is badly affected. It has exerted great pressure on vigor as well as the psychology of the healthcare professionals. Limited resources, illiteracy, myths, and not following the proper protocol by the general population may have increased the risk for everyone, and anxiety and fear among the frontline healthcare professionals. Anxiety is a common response to any stressful situation and its the fear of the unknown and it may have multiple consequences.In the current study, we attempted to analyze the fear and anxiety among the healthcare professionals of Pakistan.Methodology: An online questionnaire-based survey was performed using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. The questionnaire was validated and comprised of demographics and 10 questions regarding fear and anxiety as per fear of coronavirus-19 scale (FCV-19S). SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.Data of 404 participants analyzed. A significant difference between gender, age group, and the profession was found (p<0.05). Out of 404 participants, 322 (79.70%) were considered to have high and severe anxiety (p=0.020). Based on the results anxiety was reported higher among the nurses and in females. A significant relationship was observed between fear and anxiety score and the different healthcare professionals with p value< 0.001 (Multilinear regression).Concerning the high occurrence of anxiety and fear among healthcare professionals appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates and emphasizes the need to implement urgent measures.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of oral submucous fibrosis in patients coming to dental OPD of a tertiary care hospital and to correlate the association of level of education among patients of oral submucous fibrosis.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018 among patients coming to the dental OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Convenience sampling was used to select patients of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on level of education, age, gender and Habit. Result: A total of 4405 patients visited the OPD and 135 patients were diagnosed with OSMF based on clinical findings. Mean age of OSMF patients was 33.6 years with nearly half 47.7% having no formal education.43.2% were skilled workers followed by 34.8% housewives and 22% were professionals. Betel nut was the most common used habit 79.5% among OSMF patients. Significant association of betelnut (p-0.001) among females(94.5%) compared to males (68.8%) and significant association of gutka (p-0.004) among males(24.7%) than females (5.5%)was observed. No significant association of level of education with substance abuse was observed. Conclusion: The finding of high frequency of betel nut usage among housewives and gutka among skilled workers is alarm some. Our literacy level despite being very low is not the sole reason of increase of substance abuse rather even the educated ones are not at par with this habit.

During the current pandemic, Pakistan is badly affected. It has exerted great pressure on vigor as well as the psychology of the healthcare professionals. Limited resources, illiteracy, myths, and not following the proper protocol by the general population may have increased the risk for everyone, and anxiety and fear among the frontline healthcare professionals. Anxiety is a common response to any stressful situation and its the fear of the unknown and it may have multiple consequences.In the current study, we attempted to analyze the fear and anxiety among the healthcare professionals of Pakistan. An online questionnaire-based survey was performed using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. The questionnaire was validated and comprised of demographics and 10 questions regarding fear and anxiety as per fear of coronavirus-19 scale (FCV-19S). SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Data of 404 participants analyzed. A significant difference between gender, age group, and the profession was found (p<0.05). Out of 404 participants, 322 (79.70%) were considered to have high and severe anxiety (p=0.020). Based on the results anxiety was reported higher among the nurses and in females. A significant relationship was observed between fear and anxiety score and the different healthcare professionals with p value< 0.001 (Multilinear regression).Concerning the high occurrence of anxiety and fear among healthcare professionals appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates and emphasizes the need to implement urgent measures.