Iron phosphate, Fe2 (HPO4)3*4H2O, is synthesized at ambient temperature, using the inorganic sol–gel method coupled to the microwave route. The experimental conditions for the gelling of Fe (III)-H3PO4 system are previously defined. Potentiometric Time Titration (PTT) and Potentiometric Mass Titration (PMT) investigate the acid–base surface chemistry of obtained phosphate. Variations of surface charge with the contact time, Q a function of T, are examined for time contact varying in the range 0–72 h. The mass suspensions used for this purpose are 0.75, 1.25 and 2.5 g L−1. The point of zero charge (PZC) and isoelectric point (IEP) are defined using the derivative method examining the variations $$\frac{{{\text{dpH}}}}{{{\text{d}}t}} = f\left( {{\text{pH}}} \right)$$ dpH d t = f pH , at lower contact time. A shift is observed for PZC and IEP towards low values that are found to be 2.2 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.1, respectively. In acidic conditions, the surface charge behavior of synthesized phosphate is dominated by $$\overline{{ > {\text{POH}}}}$$ > POH ¯ group which pKa = 2.45 ± 0.15. Q against T titration method is performed for synthesized Fe2 (HPO4)3*4H2O in NaCl electrolytes. The maximal surface charge (Q) is achieved at the low solid suspension. Hence, for m = 0.75 g L−1, Q value of 50 coulombs is carried at μ = 0.1 and pH around 12, while charge value around 22 coulombs is reached in the pH range: 3–10. The effect of activation time, Q and pH on sodium insertion in iron phosphate, were fully evaluated. To determine the optimal conditions of the studied process, mathematical models are used develop response surfaces in order to characterize the most significant sodium interactions according to the variation of the pH, Q, the contact time and the contents of the synthesized material.

Amorphous iron phosphate, FePO4.2H2O, was synthesized at ambient temperature using an inorganic sol-gel method coupled with a microwave route. The experimental conditions for the gelling of the Fe (III)-H3PO4 system are defined.  Potentiometric Time Titration (PTT) and Potentiometric Mass Titration (PMT) methods were used to investigate the acid-base surface chemistry of obtained phosphate. Variations of surface charge with the contact time, Q = f(t), are examined for time contact ranged from 0 to 72 hours. The concentrations suspensions used for this purpose were 0.75, 1.25, and 2.5 g/L. The point of zero charges (PZC) and isoelectric point (IEP) were defined using the derivative method examining the variations , at lower contact time. A value of 5.4 was obtained for both PZC and IEP. Q in the function of the t method is performed for synthesized FePO4. 2H2O in NaCl and KCl electrolytes. The optimal surface charge of 40 C corresponding to insertion of 4.2x10-4 M of Na+ or K+, is achieved in explored conditions. The results suggest that the synthesized iron phosphate is amorphous.

The sorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium sorption on eucalyptus barks was evaluated as a function of solution pH for different adsorbent dosages, surface coverage, and the amount of adsorbent. The chromium retention was evaluated based on the distribution coefficient (D), and this retention is attributed to  species, which is predominant between pH 1 and 6.5. The biosorption of Cr(VI) ions onto barks achieved at pH 2.0 in the highest sorbet conditions corresponding to [Cr(VI)] = 10–5 mol (V = 100 mL) is examined for various surface coverage. The surface complexes formed between chromate and eucalyptus barks were found to be > S (HCrO4) and > S (CrO4). Logarithmic stability for log K1–1 and the log K10 values of the complexes were measured and found to be -5.93 in acidic medium and -0.76 in alkaline medium, respectively. Pointed out that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on eucalyptus bark was greater than 90% in all cases, Cr(VI) recovery is strongly acidic dependent and shows maximum retention, for various sorbent amounts, at pH around 2, and this retention is attributed to  species, which is predominant between pH 1 and 6.5, the morphological surface of eucalyptus barks were examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) connected to a micro analyzer EDS.

Fat necrosis of the breast is a benign non-suppurative inflammatory process of adipose tissue that most commonly occurs as the result of minor breast trauma. We present a case of a 40-years-old female with fat necrosis in a breast lipoma. She presented with an overlapping mass on the lateral quadrants. Mammography showed Well delineated radiolucent mass with peripheral “egg-shell” calcifications, that appeared an hypoechoic mass with posterior shadowing on ultrasonography. A history of accidental trauma raises the suspicion of fat necrosis. Pathology is necessary when radiological findings simulate malignancy.