This research develops a well-established analytical solution of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations. We analyze the behavior of a spherically symmetric and static interior driven by a charged anisotropic matter distribution. The class I methodology is used to close the system of equations and a suitable relation between the anisotropy factor and the electric field is imposed. The inner geometry of this toy model is described using an ansatz for the radial metric potential corresponding to the well-known isotropic Buchdahl space-time. The main properties are explored in order to determine if the obtained model is appropriate to represent a real compact body such as neutron or quark star. We have fixed the mass and radii using the data of the compact objects SMC X-1 and LMC X-4. It was found that the electric field and electric charge have magnitudes of the order of ∼ 10 21 [V /cm] and ∼ 10 20 [C], respectively. The magnitude of the electric field and electric charge depends on the dimensionless parameter χ. To observe these effects on the total mass, mass-radius ratio and surface gravitational red-shift, we computed numerical data for different values of χ.
The present case study explores the challenges to Computer Assisted Language Teaching in LGU to teach English as a communicative language in the perspective of incompetence of university students" communication skills. The study is an effort to groom university students as global individuals, acknowledging the status of English as a lingua franca. The study fills the gap in ELT studies to incorporate modern technology into language pedagogy to improve CLT in Pakistani universities. The main research question focuses on issues faced by English language teachers while teaching the module Communication skills in BS (Hons) classes without modern technology. The research tools are observations for the students and interviews for the English language teachers of LGU. The findings of research suggest that English language needs to be taught as a living language instead of a bookish language by establishing state of the art English language classrooms or language labs to integrate four skills of English language for an interactive process of teaching and learning. It is recommended to HEC and stakeholders to revise policies to assess students" written and oral skills for qualifying English subject. It may improve university students" communication skills to face the contemporary challenges in the global village.
In the present work, we investigate the existence of compact star model in the background of f ℛ , T gravity theory, where ℛ represents the Ricci scalar and T refers to the energy-momentum tensor trace. Here, we use Karmarkar condition for the interior stellar setup so that a complete and precise model following the embedding class-I strategy can be obtained. For this purpose, we assume anisotropic matter contents along with static and spherically symmetric geometry of compact star. As Karmarkar embedding condition yields a relationship of metric potentials, therefore we assume a suitable form for one of the metric components as e ϕ = a r 2 + b n − 1 r n + 1 , where a and b represent constants and n is a free parameter, and evaluate the other. We approximate the values of physical parameters like a , A , and B by utilizing the known values of mass and radius for the compact star Vela X-1. The validity of the acquired model is then explored for different values of coupling parameter λ graphically. It is found that the resulting solution is physically interesting and well-behaved.
In this paper, we investigate the generalized symmetric, static compact objects under anisotropic fluid in the background of Karmarkar embedding class-1 condition. To find the exact solutions of the modified field equations, we consider the gravitational Lagrangian as a linear function of the Ricci scalar and the trace of the stress–energy tensor, i.e. [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a constant. By employing the concept of Karmarkar condition, we calculate a [Formula: see text] metric component, while for a specific form of [Formula: see text], the gravitational potential is chosen. To attain the closed-form solutions of the modified field equations, we match the interior spacetime metric with the exterior Schwarzschild metric at the boundary and using the numerical values of mass and radius of the compact stars like PSR J1903+327, 4U 1820-30, LMC X-4, and EXO 1785-248, we constraint some unknown parameters. We have discussed physical stability of the stellar configuration by adopting the energy bounds, Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation, adiabatic index, central density and pressure as well. It is concluded that our resulting anisotropic solutions did well behave and a reasonable degree of precision with recent observations.
<p>Lack of appropriate knowledge and awareness among the providers and community about the risk factors and essential life style changes is the leading cause of increasing morbidity and hospital admissions due to non-communicable diseases in our country. The foundations of a patient-centred healthcare system in Pakistan needs to be laid down as a priority. Strengthening of capacity building of the primary healthcare teams across all provinces and building an early primary care physician contact must be ensured at all levels. </p>
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