In polymer nanocomposites, graphene is possibly the most promising nanofiller. Graphene produces impressive properties for polymers at very low filler content, which makes it highly interesting in building high-performance materials compared to other classes of polymer nanocomposites. Graphene-modified polymer nanocomposites have attracted much attention in scientific literature because of the need of superior materials with desirable properties such as electrical, mechanical, thermal, flame retardant, and gas barrier. Frequent studies have been attempted to produce graphene–polyamide (G-PA) nanocomposites with novel and improved properties. Based on this review, one can identify the synthesis technique and preparation for G-PA nanocomposites, which can further be useful in numerous applications.

Graphene and its derivatives have received considerable attention in industrial and academic research due to their unique, useful properties and applications. The use of graphene is still difficult due to its high cost of production. Hence, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have been identified as a substitute for graphene, which are produced in large scale at a very low cost. Moreover, GNPs have played a significant role in various engineering thermoplastic materials [i.e., polyamides (PAs)] to enhance their properties and applications. The GNPs help in the production of low-cost multifunctional nanocomposites with notable useful properties such as high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and high aspect ratio. The GNPs based nanocomposites have a broad spectrum of application areas including 3D-printing, automotive materials, electrical appliances, low-cost composites films, and many more. This review summarizes different preparation techniques, properties, and applications of GNPs based PAs nanocomposites as reported in current literature.

High-performance polymers based on amide aromatic rings are known as wholly aromatic polyamides or aramids. The arrangement and admirable properties of aramids are built on the basis of amide linkage and rigid aromaticity. Aramids are attractive because of their extraordinary bond strengths and very high stiffness. Synthetic aromatic polymeric chains provide increased mechanical resistance and thermal softening compared to aliphatic aramids.In addition, aramids exhibit high thermal stability, low creep, and good optical activity with fluorescence. Hence, aramids are found in advanced arenas for engineering thermoplastics such as transport applications, electroactive materials, films, bullet-proof body armor, smart materials, protective clothing, fibers, in nanocomposites as asbestos alternatives, cutting edge complexes in arming, high-temperature lining material, in space engineering, and more. The objective of this review is to make the field of aramids functionality more accessible to the materials science community, that is, scientists, academicians, and engineers.

Over the years, various types of techniques have been used for the synthesis of nanocomposites. In this work, melamine-based polyamide (PA) was synthesized using a one-pot polycondensation method under mild conditions. carboxyl graphene (CG)/PA nanocomposites (CGMPA) were prepared by CG nanofiller loadings of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% via delamination/adsorption approach. The prepared CGMPA nanocomposites were characterized using different analyses, such as Fourier transform infrared techniques (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of the CG on the thermal properties of the CGMPA nanocomposites were significant. The results showed that the melting temperature (Tm) of neat PA and CGMPA were increased from 378°C to 393°C suggested better dispersion of CG in PA matrix. The decomposition temperature of PA was increased from 451°C to 463°C in CGMPA nanocomposites indicates the better thermal stability of PA matrix by addition of CG.

Carboxyl-functionalized graphene (CG)reinforced aromatic polyamide (PA) nanocomposites (CGPA) were prepared with CG nanofillers (1, 3 and 5 wt.%) by the delamination/adsorption method. PA was synthesized by 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid with aromatic diamine via direct polycondensation reaction. The prepared CGPA nanocomposites were evaluated through Fourier transform infrared techniques (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the melting temperatures (Tm) of CGPA nanocomposites were significantly increased from 289°C to 359°C. The thermal decomposition temperature was improved by ∼13°C with the incorporation of CG nanofiller. CG nanofillers play a significant role in improving the thermal properties of CGPA nanocomposites.