The present report showed the hepatoprotective property of a 50% hydroalcoholic extract of the fruits of Emblica officinalis (fruit) (EO-50) against antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs-induced hepatic injury. The biochemical manifestations of hepatotoxicity induced by rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), either given alone or in combination were evaluated. In vitro studies were done on suspension cultures of rat hepatocytes while sub-acute studies were carried out in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of EO-50 was found to be due to its membrane stabilizing, antioxidative and CYP 2E1 inhibitory effects.

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This paper discusses a multiobjective stochastic transportation problem with interval cost coefficients, in which the supply and demand parameters are probabilistic in nature. These random parameters are assumed to follow any of two general classes of distributions. The multiobjective stochastic interval transportation problem (MOSITP) is converted into an equivalent multiobjective crisp problem and fuzzy programming technique has been used to obtain the pareto optimal solution of the transformed crisp problem. A numerical example is also presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed model.

This study measured activities of serum enzymes alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), markers of liver function in albino rats after continuous ingestion of arsenic trioxide (As 2 0 3 ). For the study, treated animals were given AS 2 O 3 (0.2 mg/100 g/day) orally for 180 days. After the completion of treatment, the blood was collected for the estimation of serum biochemical markers. The results obtained were compared with control group. Data showed a significant increase in SGOT and SGPT activity after 60 days of As 2 0 3 administration. The level of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase increased significantly after 90 and 120 days, respectively. Since the elevation of these serum enzymes is an indicator of hepatic damage, data indicate that As 2 O 3 produces hepatotoxicity. When taken continuously, arsenic was also deposited in liver and blood and affected the enzymatic pathways. Total accumulated arsenic was determined by HG-AAS at 193.7 nm. IntroductionArsenic (As) is ubiquitous in the environment, and humans are thus exposed to inorganic and organic As through medicinal, criminal, environmental, and occupational sources (Orloff, Mistry, and Metcalf 2009). More than 80% of As compounds are used to manufacture products with agricultural applications, such as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, algaecides, sheep dips, wood preservatives, dyestuffs, and medicines for the eradication of tapeworms in sheep and cattle. However, for the general population, the main exposure to inorganic As is through ingestion of high metal-contaminated drinking water. Arsenic has been found in ground water in West Bengal and Bangladesh, and individuals using such water are suffering with arsenicosis (Mazumder et al. 1998;Rahman et al. 2002). The safety level of As in drinking water set by the WHO is 0.05 mg/L. Arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) is the most commonly used poison among As compounds, and known as sankhya or sankhia in Hindi and Sanskrit language. Arsenic trioxide is usually used as homicidal and suicidal poisoning. Moreover, its use as a chronic poison is common, because chronic As 2 O 3 poisoning resembles symptoms of death found in some wasting disease.

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