Hilmar Kjartansson Danielsen scite author profile

ABSTRACT9-12wt%Cr steels for high temperature applications in fossil fired power plants rely upon precipitate strengthening from (V,Nb)N MX nitrides for long term creep strength. During prolonged exposure at service temperature another nitride precipitates: Cr(V,Nb)N Z-phase. The Z-phase slowly replaces MX, eventually causing a breakdown in creep strength. This paper reviews the Z-phase and its behaviour in 9-12wt%Cr steels including thermodynamic modelling, crystal structure, nucleation process and precipitation rate as a function of chemical composition. The influence of Z-phase precipitation upon long-term creep strength is assessed from several different 9-12wt%Cr steel grades and alloy design philosophies.

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On the nucleation and dissolution process of Z-phase Cr(V,Nb)N in martensitic 12%Cr steels

Danielsen

Hald

2009

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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A thermodynamic model of the Z-phase Cr(V, Nb)N

Danielsen¹,

Hald²

2007

Calphad

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Kinetics of Z-Phase Precipitation in 9 to 12 pct Cr Steels

Danielsen

Nunzio

Hald

2013

Metall Mater Trans A

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On the crystal structure ofZ-phase Cr(V,Nb)N

Danielsen

Hald

Grumsen

et al. 2006

Metall Mater Trans A

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Tantalum-containing Z-phase in 12%Cr martensitic steels

Danielsen

Hald

2009

Scripta Materialia

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