The authors found subclinical increases in the foveal and perifoveal macular thicknesses following extraocular muscle surgery. These findings could be attributed to change in the mechanical forces caused by the new position of the extraocular muscles and transmitted via the sclera or, alternatively, to postoperative inflammation and alterations in the blood-retinal barrier. The clinical implications of these findings remain to be clarified.

Background Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have rarely been reported in association with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Methods An ECCO COllaborative Network For Exceptionally Rare case reports project (ECCO-CONFER) collecting cases of GEP-NENs diagnosed in patients with IBD. Results GEP-NEN was diagnosed in 100 IBD patients [61% female, 55% Crohn's disease, median age 48 years (IQR 38-59)]. The most common location was the appendix (39%) followed by the colon (22%). Comprehensive IBD-related data was available for 50 individuals with a median follow-up of 30 months (IQR 11-70) following NEN diagnosis. Median duration of IBD at NEN diagnosis was 84 months (IQR 10-151), and in 18% of cases NEN and IBD were diagnosed concomitantly. At diagnosis, 20/50 were stage-I (T1N0M0), and 28/50 graded G1 (ki67≤2%). Incidental diagnosis of NEN and concomitantly with IBD diagnosis were associated with an earlier NEN stage (p=0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Exposure to immunomodulatory or biologic therapy was not associated with advanced NEN stage or grade. Primary GEP-NEN were more frequently found in the segment affected by IBD (62% vs. 38%). At the last follow-up data, 47/50 patients were alive, and only two deaths were related to NEN. Conclusions In the largest case series to date, prognosis of patients with GEP-NEN and IBD seems favorable. Incidental NEN diagnosis correlates with an earlier NEN stage and IBD-related therapies are probably independent of NEN stage and grade. The association of GEP-NEN location and the segment affected by IBD may suggest a possible role of inflammation in NEN tumourigenesis

Midostaurin is a tyrosine multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3. We describe a case report of a 49-year-old AML patient treated with an intensive chemotherapy regimen followed by midostaurin. After achieving complete remission with blood count recovery, he suffered from a serious, rare complication of necrotizing hemorrhagic gastritis with no evidence of infection or malignant infiltration, possibly associated with midostaurin therapy.