Recent studies investigate the urban wage premium associated with education and work experience. We study the effect of work experience and firm tenure across education groups. All education groups benefit more from working in cities, and the extra city wage premium highly educated enjoy over less educated workers is increasing with city work experience. Interestingly, the city wage premium of less educated workers is increasing in firm tenure, while the highly educated gain more by shifting jobs between firms. The analysis is based on administrative registers covering all full time private sector workers in Norway, about 4.7 million worker-year observations.
Journal article"Thailand has experienced economic growth well above world averages from 1960 to the recent crisis. While the controversy over Thailand and East Asian growth has discussed the role of capital accumulation versus productivity, we analyze the general equilibrium interaction between productivity and investment in an intertemporal growth model. The high growth is understood as a prolonged transition path with gradual tariff reduction and endogenous productivity driven by foreign spillover feeding capital investment. Counterfactual analyses show how protection would have reduced growth with productivity and investment slowdown, while shock liberalization would have raised immediate growth with faster convergence to steady state." -- Authors' AbstractISI; IFPRI3; Theme 5; GRP32; Theme 9DSGDP
There is no consensus in the empirical literature on how entry of multinational supermarket chains affects farmers in developing countries. Econometric analyses struggle with causality issues and are unclear about the channel of effects. We quantify the dynamic effects of supermarket expansion on agriculture within a structural framework that clarifies the adjustment mechanisms involved. The model specification allows for endogenous interaction between agricultural productivity and supermarkets' choice of suppliers. Based on numerical simulations, two results emerge. First, we offer a possible interpretation of the conflicting evidence in the empirical literature. Whether farmers benefit from supermarkets or get stuck in a low productivity trap depends on the extent of local constraints related to production capacity and market access. Second, supply chain development initiated by supermarkets can help farmers escape the low productivity trap. While supermarkets face a short-run cost to supplier upgrading, they gradually gain from more productive local suppliers. Copyright (c) 2009 International Association of Agricultural Economists.
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