The spectrum of histopathological features of both AGEP and GPP is presented. Despite considerable overlap, subtle consistent histopathological differences and the grade of severity of specific features can help in differentiation. We could neither substantiate earlier reports that follicular pustules exclude AGEP nor did we see vasculitis as a specific feature in AGEP. Our study also supports the concept that AGEP is a separate entity that is distinct from GPP.

Situational antecedents and experiential correlates of shame and guilt in children were examined by having 6-11-year-olds give ratings of the extent to which two types of situations would elicit a protagonist's feelings of shame and guilt. It was predicted that one type of situation should elicit both shame and guilt, because the protagonist caused harm to another person by behaving incoherently or incompetently. The other type of situation was predicted to elicit more shame than guilt, because the protagonist behaved incoherently or incompetently without causing harm to anyone. Two types of questions were used to elicit children's ratings: in term-based questions the emotion terms 'guilt' and 'shame' were used, while in correlate-based questions guilt and shame were alluded to by citing experiential correlates of these emotions. Children aged 9 and upward differentiated between both types of situations and between judgments of shame vs. guilt, both when giving term-based and when giving correlate-based ratings. There were no systematic differences in children's performance depending on whether they gave correlate-based or term-based judgments.

BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanomas are aggressive tumors with an unpredictable biologic behavior. It has been suggested that women who present with melanoma during pregnancy have a worse prognosis due to more aggressive behavior of the melanoma. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the long‐term effect of pregnancy on disease progression in women with Stage I–II melanoma. METHODS From 1965 to 2001, 46 pregnant women were treated for a Stage I–II melanoma at the University Medical Center Groningen. These patients were compared with an age‐matched and gender‐matched control group (nonpregnant) of 368 women with Stage I–II melanoma. The patients were staged according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification system for melanoma. The 10‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and 10‐year overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The median age of patients in the pregnant group was 30 years (range, 18–46 years), and the median age of patients in the nonpregnant group was 36 years (range, 17–45 years). The median follow‐up was 109 months (range, 1–356 months). Pregnant patients presented more often with thicker melanomas (median, 2.0 mm vs. 1.7 mm; not statistically significant). No differences with regard to tumor location, histologic subtype, tumor ulceration, or vascular invasion were detected between the pregnant group and the nonpregnant group. There was no statistical difference in the 10‐year DFS and 10‐year OS rates between the two groups. The 10‐year DFS rates for patients in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively, were 88% versus 86% for patients with Stage I melanoma and 67% versus 73% for patients with Stage II melanoma. The 10‐year OS rates for patients in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively, were 94% versus 90% for patients with Stage I melanoma and 82% versus 81% for patients with Stage II melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy does not appear to have an adverse, long‐term effect on survival in patients with clinically localized melanoma. Further studies should address whether pregnant patients present with thicker lesions and/or whether they have decreased DFS compared with nonpregnant women. The prognosis for women with melanoma during pregnancy, as it relates to survival, still is dependent on tumor thickness and ulceration. Cancer 2003;97:2248–53. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11321

Development of UVB-induced SLE skin lesions involves a skewing towards production of Th1-associated cytokines, such as IFNalpha. In turn, this may lead to up-regulation of E-selectin and ICAM-1 resulting in recruitment of T-cells and macrophages.