Pantoea agglomerans has been reported as the cause of chlorotic streaks on maize leaves in the Central High Valleys of México (CVHM), but there are no current data of how the infection of this new pathogen in Mexico affects production and yield of the crop. To understand the development of the disease in the crop, two experiments with a split-plot design and three replications were established during spring-summer 2010 in different microenvironments: Ayapango and Temamatla. Three cultivars of maize (a tri-linear HS2 hybrid, the single-cross hybrid Triunfo and the native Cacahuacintle) were evaluated with three P. agglomerans isolates. In the three maize cultivars, chlorotic streaks appeared on new leaves; at the ripening stage, the symptoms were less perceptible. The average incidence of plants with chlorotic streaks was higher in the town of Temamatla than in Ayapango, and in both microenvironments, the average degree of severity was less than 40%. Isolate A was the most virulent (P < 0.0001) on the three cultivars evaluated. These results will provide the basis for effective management of the disease under environmental conditions similar to those evaluated in this research.
La caña de azúcar es uno de los cultivos industriales importantes a nivel mundial y es afectado por diversas enfermedades virales, incluido el sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV). En México este virus se ha detectado basado en sintomatología y °Brix; sin embargo, el diagnóstico basado en estos parámetros no es concluyente. El objetivo del estudio fue detectar la presencia y distribución del SCYLV en zonas cañeras del Occidente de México (Colima, Jalisco y Nayarit) y determinar el origen filogenético de un aislado de Colima. El trabajo se desarrolló en el Campo Experimental Tecomán durante 2013-2014. Se aisló el RNA total a partir de hojas colectadas y se realizaron las RT-PCR con oligonucleótidos específicos para SCYLV. Se analizaron 233 muestras y la incidencia de plantas portadoras del SCYLV fue 14.6%, afectando a los híbridos CP 72-2086, Mex 69-290 y Atemex 96-40. El análisis BLAST mostró que la secuencia parcial CP de Colmex-317 (512 pb) es homóloga con secuencias de Brasil, China, India, Kenia y USA, además comparte porcentajes de identidad superior a 99% con otras secuencias provenientes de varios países. El análisis filogenético de Colmex-317 con secuencias parciales y genomas completos del SCYLV aislados de diversas partes del mundo reveló que el aislado mexicano pertenece al genotipo de Brasil (BRA) y se agrupó con secuencias de Brasil, China, Kenia y Sudáfrica. Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar un mayor número de aislados y secuencias de mayor longitud para determinar si el genotipo BRA es el único presente en México.
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