This study was designed to investigate whether there is a relationship between recipients' subjective perceptions of the punishment situation and the effect a punishing stimulus will have on their observed behaviour. The independent variables were the recipients' perceptions of (a) the severity of the punishing stimulus, (b) their locus of control and (c) their control of the punishing stimulus.The results showed that internally oriented men and women took longer to cease responding to a criterion than did those who were externally oriented. Also, the punishing stimulus was rated less severely following its use as a punishment when the recipients could control the onset and offset of the punishing stimulus than when it was under the control of the experimenter. Further, the relationship between the recipients' subjective ratings of the severity of the punishing stimulus and their responding in a punishment situation is not a direct one. It appears to be modified, in part, by the recipients' perceived locus of control, suggesting that person variables, as well as situation variables, should be considered in research dealing with response contingent aversive stimulation.Most research into punishment with humans and infrahumans has investigated the observable effect a punishing stimulus has upon a target behaviour. Few studies have attempted to discover whether the recipients' subjective perceptions of the punishment situation influence their observed responses to the punishment. Some researchers, employing infrahuman subjects (Baron
The development of personal construct models of supervision has been following the research into the psychological well-being of psychotherapists. In response to these investigations a personal construct model for peer consultation groups was developed. Along with the model's basic assumptions, there is an account of the group processes taking place. The clinical implications generated by these processes of facilitation are provided, followed by an account of the peer consultation group, the history, aims, objectives, and processes. A measure was developed to evaluate the consultation process of the peer group. Examples of evaluative processes are presented. The usefulness of the model and the evaluation measure are discussed. Next, the clinical implications of personal construct peer group consultation are investigated along with the capacity of this model to ''care'' for group members.
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