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Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Anxiety and preoccupation about sleep questionnaire (APSQ) in clinical and non-clinical samples. Material and Methods Two samples (141 university students and 42 patients with major depressive disorders) completed Turkish APSQ, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the insomnia severity index (ISI) and the sociodemographic data form. Content validity analysis was performed with the Davis technique after the translation process of the original scale. Explanatory factor analysis and principal component analysis were performed to determine the scales construct validity, and internal consistency and temporal stability analyses were conducted to evaluate its reliability. The PSQI and the insomnia severity index (ISI) were used to assess criterion- related validity. In addition, we divided all the participants into two groups as good-sleepers and clinical insomnia according to ISI scores. Predictive validity analyses were also computed via comparing groups. Results Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale model aligns well with the original scales 10 items and two-factor structure. The scales and subdimensions Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were excellent (Factor 1; 0.935, factor 2; 0.906, total scale; 0.952). The test-retest correlations were 0.661 and 0.828 for depression group and university student group, respectively. Turkish APSQ scores were found to be significantly higher in both of the clinical groups (depression group vs. university student group, clinic insomnia group vs. good-sleepers group). Conclusion The Turkish APSQ is adequate reliability and validity for assessing anxiety and preoccupation about sleep in Turkish clinical and non-clinical samples.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Worry Scale and related factors with COVID-19 worry. Methods: The data were collected through online survey from 846 participants and final sample was 804 after excluding missing data. The psychometric properties of the Turkish Coronavirus Worry Scale were assessed through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability analysis, and Pearson product moment correlation with other psychological constructs. Finally, the one-way analysis of variance and independent samples t -test were utilized for comparing the Coronavirus Worry Scale scores between different socio-demographic and clinical variables. Higher Coronavirus Worry Scale scores suggested higher COVID-19 worry. Results: Exploratory factor analysis explored the single-factor structure of the Turkish Coronavirus Worry Scale and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this single-factor structure with good model fits. This scale had good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.92, McDonald’s ω = 0.92). The Coronavirus Worry Scale scores were significantly positively correlated with the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale ( r = 0.41, P < .01), Fear of COVID-19 Scale ( r =0.67, P < .01), Obsession with COVID-19 Scale ( r = 0.54, P < .01), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 ( r = 0.36, P < .01). COVID-19 worry was higher in females, those who had a chronic disease, the loss of first-degree or other relatives or close friends due to COVID-19, or those who had never been vaccinated for COVID-19. Those who obeyed the COVID-19 rules, such as wearing masks and physical distancing had higher Coronavirus Worry Scale scores. Also, those who avoided crowded environments to protect themselves from COVID-19 transmission had higher Coronavirus Worry Scale scores. Conclusion: These findings show that the Turkish Coronavirus Worry Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing COVID-19 worry.

BackgroundInsomniacs are heterogenous group with very diverse personalities. We aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep reactivity (SR), sleep hygiene (SH), and sleep effort (SE) in the relationship between Type D personality and insomnia.Materials and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 474 participants. The survey comprised the sociodemographic data form, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), D Type Personality Scale (DS-14), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), and Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analysis to identify the associations between age, sex, SR, Type D personality traits, SE, SH, and insomnia severity. We subsequently conducted mediation analyses to examine whether SR, SH, and SE mediated the relationship between Type D personality and insomnia.ResultsISI, DS-14, FIRST, SHI, and GSES scores were significantly higher in individuals with Type D personality. Female sex, SR, Type D personality traits, SE, and SH explained 45% of the variance in insomnia severity. When age, sex, insomnia response to stress, and Type D personality traits were controlled, SE and SH significantly explained 25% of the variance in insomnia severity (R2 = 0.45, R2 change = 0.25, F (6.474) = 65.58, p &lt; 0.001). SR, SE, and SH each played a partial mediating role between Type D personality and insomnia.ConclusionThe findings showed that individuals with Type D personality had high SR and that individuals with a higher number of these personality traits exhibited more severe insomnia symptoms through high SR, greater SE, and worse SH.

Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug for the treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Although clozapine is superior to other antipsychotics, it is less common in psychiatric prescriptions due to clozaphobia. Little is known about the use of clozapine during pregnancy and lactation, or its effect on the mother, foetus and baby. Pregnancy category of clozapine is considered to be of relatively reliable category B, while it is recommended to be avoided during breastfeeding. Switching from clozapine to other antipsychotics during breastfeeding may lead to psychotic exacerbations. In this case, low dose of clozapine may need to be added to the antipsychotic treatment initiated during breastfeeding. However, data on the safety of combination antipsychotics during breastfeeding are limited. Psychiatrists, obstetricians and pediatricians should closely monitor with team spirit on such cases, thus drug exposure and side effects of infant are minimized while the mother's mental health is maintained. We aimed to present the growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infant exposed to clozapine during pregnancy and exposed to clozapine plus olanzapine during the lactation period.