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Student-teachers' dropout is a complicated and serious issue in the learning process, with its attendant negative implications on students, academic institutions, economic resources, and society. This study investigated the composite and relative impact of personal (student), academic and socioeconomic predictive variables on the student-teachers dropout. The study improves the early identification of at-risk student-teachers by developing a model that optimizes predictability. We used questionnaires and adopted a four-step logistic regression procedure on a sample of 1723 student-teachers in public teachers training colleges (TTCs) of a least-developed country (LDC). The study confirmed twin factors of academic performance and aspirations as the highest predictors of student-teachers attrition. Academic reasons for choosing TTC were significant, as vocational motivation and goals established by student-teachers early in their education help prevent dropout. Contrary to expectations, student-teachers' cultural values, parents' level of education, and cost of financing education had no significant impact on dropout decisions. This is most likely due to the Government's financial support for student-teachers in LDCs and the widespread belief that higher education can improve one's social and economic status. The findings indicate that early identification and dropout prevention efforts should integrate various support services to foster a healthy learning and retention environment.

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In accordance with the segregation of oversight from management decision making, the board-level information technology governance is accountable for supervising managerial IT activities. This research empirically analyzes the impact of board-level IT governance on the performance and earnings management practices of Saudi Arabian stock exchange (Tadawul)-listed companies between 2008 and 2020. The study sample includes cross-sectional time-series data from 154 firms with 18,018 firm-year observations. This study used regression analysis and other econometric models to examine probable endogeneities. The findings show that only the return on assets’ operational performance is positively and significantly related to board-level IT governance among the three performance metrics (return on assets, return on equity, and Tobin’s Q). This indicates that a higher proportion of members with IT experience and the presence of a board-level IT professional as chief information officer/chief technology officer and an IT committee positively impact operational performance. Finally, board-level IT governance competence and other governance attributes do not deter earnings management practices. Therefore, countries like Saudi Arabia should enhance their corporate governance environment considering the increasing significance of IT governance (control, service, and monitoring). There is also a need to review provisions of the Saudi Arabia Corporate Governance Regulations, especially for board composition, the appointment of independent and IT-literate directors, and penalties for non-compliance with regulations.