The younger generation is the cornerstone of the nation's successor who will lead the direction in which the achievement of the nation's goals will be directed. As a country full of diversity of customs, ethnicities, nations and beliefs, literacy of tolerance really needs to be instilled so that the younger generation can respect one another. The Institute of Indonesia Art Padang Panjang team took the initiative to collaborate in building a tolerant young generation's mental attitude by providing training activities to them, especially in West Sumatera. On this occasion, the team conducted this training activity at one of the Tahfizh Qur'an Padang Panjang by means of material and discussion. This activity was carried out for three meetings with sub-themes of activities; 1) Religious Tolerance According to Islamic Shari'a 2) Equality in religion and culture and 3) religious and cultural communication. The background of this activity is the importance of building a religious and cultured mentality in accordance with the Minangkabau aforism “Adat Basandi Sarak, Sarak Basandi Kitabullah”. The method of this training activity is carried out by means of interactive material training and discussion. The results of this activity indicate that Tahfizh Quran youth are interested in the activities carried out and are active in discussions. Teenagers understand the concept of tolerance and indirectly apply this awareness in their daily lives. Evaluation is carried out by responding to various case phenomena presented by the speaker.
Hydrogenation of glucose into sorbitol has been a concern of researchers for a long time because it is an efficient and economical way of producing sorbitol. The researchers look for alternative metals that are higher in abundance and have good hydrogenation activity, such as nickel. In this study, porous nickel was prepared and used as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol without adding hydrogen gas. The porous nickel needs two stages of making. First, prepare the Ni/Al metal alloys from the reduction of Ni(II) and Al(III). Second, the process of removing Al (0) metal from Ni/Al metal mixtures to produce porous Ni, generally called Raney Ni (RaNi). The prepared RaNi characterize using P-XRD and N2 physisorption. X-ray diffraction results show typical nickel (0) diffraction patterns at 2 theta 44.5° (111), 51.8° (200), and 76.4° (220). The results of N2 physisorption on RaNi showed a surface area of 64 m2/g and a pore diameter of 6.13 nm. The hydrogenation reaction of glucose without adding hydrogen gas was carried out for 6 hours at 80 °C using isopropyl alcohol as a hydrogen source. The reaction products were analyzed using 1H-NMR by observing the proton chemical shift of the methine and methylene groups of sorbitol at 3.53-3.78 ppm and using the DNS (3-5, dinitrosalysilic acid) test to determine the remaining glucose in the solution. The reaction product tested using DNS showed that the amount of glucose converted was 54% when RaNi was synthetic as a catalyst.
This study aimed to reveal the affirmation of the ecological movement through Iwan Fals' green lyrics. There are three lyrics song chosen in this study, entitled Isi Rimba tak ada tempat berpijak lagi, Tak biru lagi lautku, and Balada orang pedalaman. Actually, there are many liryca by Iwan Fals that told about the environment, but these three themes are taken as a form of musicians' rage towards the increasingly disturbed environment. Ecological Theory is the most effective approach to analyze each verse of this lyric. Garrard (2004) said that eco-critical perception helps to open, determine, explore, and even solve ecological problems in a broader and more detailed manner. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, content analysis method or content analysis to examine the contents of a document. The results of this study indicate that 1) Isi Rimba tak ada tempat berpijak lagi as a representation of corrupt capitalist criticism, 2) Tak biru lagi lautku as a figurative form of ecological anxiety, and 3) Balada orang pedalaman as a romance of human life and nature which is lost by the greed of capitalist humans .
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