The genomes of 262 Bacillus cereus isolates were analyzed including 69 isolates sampled from equipment, raw milk and dairy products from Brazil. The population structure of isolates showed strains belonging to known phylogenetic groups II, III, IV, V and VI. Almost all the isolates obtained from dairy products belonged to group III. Investigation of specific alleles revealed high numbers of isolates carrying toxin-associated genes including cytK (53.62%), hblA (59.42%), hblC (44.93%), hblD (53.62%), nheA (84.06%), nheB (89.86%) and nheC (84.06%) with isolates belonging to groups IV and V having significant higher prevalence of hblACD and group IV of CytK genes. Strains from dairy products had significantly lower prevalence of CytK and hblACD genes compared to isolates from equipment and raw milk/bulk tanks. Genes related to sucrose metabolism were detected at higher frequency in isolates obtained from raw milk compared to strains from equipment and utensils. The population genomic analysis demonstrated the diversity of strains and variability of putative function among B. cereus group isolates in Brazilian dairy production, with large numbers of strains potentially able to cause foodborne illness. This detailed information will contribute to targeted interventions to reduce milk contamination and spoilage associated with B. cereus in Brazil.

Bacillus cereus group includes not pathogenic and high pathogenic species. They are considered as a risk to public health due to foodborne diseases and as an important cause of economic losses to industries due to production of spoilage enzymes. Some researches have been performed in order to assess the possible factors that contribute to put public health into risk because of consumption of food contaminated with viable cells or toxins which have complex mechanisms of production. The control of these bacteria in food is difficult because they are resistant to several processes used in industries. Thus, in this way, this review focused on highlighting the risk due to toxins production by bacteria from B. cereus group in food and the consequences for food safety and dairy industries.

The species of the Bacillus cereus group have the ability to adhere to and form biofilms on solid surfaces, including stainless steel, a material widely used in food industries. Biofilms allow for recontamination during food processing, and the “clean-in-place” (CIP) system is largely used by industries to control them. This study thus proposes to evaluate the efficacy of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite against biofilms induced on stainless-steel surfaces. The SAMN07414939 isolate (BioProject PRJNA390851), a recognized biofilm producer, was selected for biofilm induction on AISI 304 stainless steel. Biofilm induction was performed and classified into three categories: TCP (Tindalized, Contaminated, and Pasteurized milk), TCS (Tindalized milk Contaminated with Spores), and TCV (Tindalized milk Contaminated with Vegetative cells). Subsequently, the coupons were sanitized simulating a CIP procedure, on a pilot scale, using alkaline and acid solutions followed by disinfectants (peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite). Microorganism adhesion on the surfaces reached 6.3 × 105 to 3.1 × 107 CFU/cm-2. Results did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) for surface adhesion between the three tested categories (TCP, TCS, and TCV) or (p > 0.05) between the two disinfectants (peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite). Microbial populations adhered to the stainless-steel coupons are equally reduced after treatment with peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite, with no differences in the control of B. cereus s.s. biofilms on AISI 304 stainless-steel surfaces.

A terapia assistida por animais (TAA) tem por propósito a introdução do animal junto a um indivíduo ou grupo com objetivo de promover a saúde física, mental e emocional através de mecanismos básicos, o estímulo tátil e afetivo. Esta prática tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente no mundo, e vem crescendo no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve por objetivo relatar sobre a terapia assistida por animais em crianças autistas atendidas pelo Centro de Atendimento Clínico do Instituto de Psicologia (CAPsi) da Prefeitura Municipal de Uberlândia – PMU. Neste estudo foi proposto a escolha de aves jovens (pintinhos) como espécie terapeuta. Os encontros de TAA foram realizados uma vez por semana com duração de uma hora, durante quatro meses. Os pacientes foram selecionados pela equipe de profissionais do CAPsi, num total de cinco participantes, todos autistas, e utilizou-se aproximadamente dez pintinhos. Apenas 25% das crianças que participaram da atividade não apresentaram interesse pelas aves, sendo que 75% demonstraram comportamento afetivo e melhoria no convívio familiar. O uso TAA com pintinhos apresentou resultados favoráveis no aspecto do comportamento familiar e social de crianças autistas atendidas por profissionais da psicopedagogia.

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Bacillus cereus group in requeijões and especialidades lácteas tipo requeijão (regular and light) and to verify if there is differences in relation to this occurrence among different categories of these products. A set of 14 (35%) lots was contaminated with this bacterial group from the 40 lots with low counts (maximum 3.1 × 10 CFU/g), and no significant difference regarding counts or presence/absence were observed among the categories of the products. It can be concluded that contamination by B. cereus group in these products is unable to consist in risk to consumers, regarding adequate refrigeration during selling. This study was the first one to report this bacteria group for these dairy products and highlights the needs of further investigations to evaluate the impact of its spoilage during shelf life.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolated from curd cheese "requeijão" and "especialidade láctea type requeijão"...Ciência Rural, v.47, n.7, 2017.

The aims at identifying and describing the occurrence ofanatomopathological  and  histopathological  changes  in  Nile  tilapia  juveniles, naturally infected with Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno). The Nile tilapias of this study were cultivated in net cages in the region of the Araguari River basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and due to a mortality rate ranging from 40 to 60%, 64 fish samples were collected and sent for examination in the laboratory. At  necropsy, granuloma-like  nodules  were  observed  in  the  spleen  59/64(92.2%), kidney 24/64 (37.5%), and liver 09/64 (14.1%). Fno was detected in 98% (49/50) of the samples by PCR. Upon analysis, astrong correlation was observed between external and internal lesions, since granulomatous lesions present in the spleen and kidney of the same animal simultaneously  were  also  accompanied  by skin  ulcers, suggesting  that  the cutaneous lesion is related to the presence of Fno in tilapia and can be used as an indication for early diagnosis. Thus, the high prevalence of Fno observed in this  research  study allows characterizing  an  outbreak  in  the  region.  It  is noteworthy that especially regarding the consumption of tilapia meat, although there are zoonotic species in the Francisella group, the zoonotic potential of Fno is not yet known and should be further studied.

Leptospirosis a public health problem and an endemic zoonosis in Brazil, is diagnosed by serological methods. Therefore, low-cost and easy to execute methodologies with good/high sensitivity, such as Dot Blot, are an important diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to standardize and validation the dot-blot technique for the serological diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis. Several concentrations of antigens applied to nitrocellulose membranes, and different dilutions of conjugated bovine serum were evaluated to develop and standardize the test. The best distinction/contrast between positive and negative samples was observed for 1μL antigen (0.11μg/μL outer membrane protein of the Hardjo serovar (OMPH) and 0.08 μg/μL outer membrane protein of the Wolffi serovar (OMPW)), 1:500 and 1:10000 bovine serum dilution and conjugate, respectively. The Dot Blot test efficiency was 71.87% and kappa index, 0.46 (p<0.0001). The other parameters measured were: sensitivity 91.89%; specificity 59.32%; positive predictive value 58.62%; and, negative predictive value 59.32%. In addition to high sensitivity, other advantages of the Dot Blot technique have been identified, such as practicality, low cost since it does not require sophisticated devices and the fact that the Hardjo and Wolffi OMP also reacted with serovars from other pathogenic serogroups. The results provided positive expectations for the use of Dot Blot as support in the diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis, especially if used as a screening test, stimulating further research for the future development of kits for diagnostic purposes.