A subset of HNSCC manifests EGFR copy number alterations, and this is associated with a poor clinical outcome, suggesting a biologic role of the alterations. The rare mutation or small deletion at EGFR exons 18 to 21 indicates a minimal role of these events in HNSCC.

Podoplanin is frequently expressed in OPL. Together with histology, podoplanin may serve as a powerful biomarker to predict the risk for oral cancer development in patients with OPL.

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease and hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies (HNPP) are two frequent hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies. CMT is characterized by slowly progressive weakness and atrophy, primarily in peroneal and distal leg muscles. The most frequent form, CMT1A, is due, in most cases, to the duplication of a 1.5 Mb region on chromosome 17p11.2 containing the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene (PMP22). The phenotype seems to result from dosage of the PMP22 gene. This hypothesis is reinforced by the existence of HNPP, which is clinically characterized by various recurrent truncular palsies or sensory loss precipitated by minor trauma, which is caused by deletion of the same 1.5 Mb region in 17p11.2. In clinical practice, the detection of the duplication or the deletion in 17p11.2, which permits a positive diagnosis, is still performed by time consuming methods (Southern blot or various combinations of molecular tools). We developed a method for the rapid detection of 17p11.2 rearrangements, using “direct FISH” and PRINS analyses, which does not require cell culture. In a prospective study of 92 patients with CMT and 38 with suspected HNPP, we compared this new technique to classical strategies like Southern blot. The results demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of the new FISH technique for the diagnosis of CMT1A and HNPP. Moreover, because of its simplicity and rapidity, this technique provides a useful alternative to the molecular approaches that have been used to diagnose segmental aneusomies, especially in the case of duplications that often go undetected. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) plays pivotal roles in acquisition of global drug resistance and cell growth promotion through transcriptional activation of genes for both drug resistance and growth factor receptors. In this study, we investigated whether YB-1 is involved in regulation of the cell cycle and cell proliferation of human cancer cells. Treatment with YB-1 siRNA caused a marked suppression of cell proliferation and expression of a cell cycle related gene, CDC6 by cancer cells. Of cell cycle of cancer cells, S phase content was specifically reduced by knockdown of YB-1. The overexpression of CDC6 abrogated this inhibition of both cell proliferation and S phase entry. ChIP assay demonstrated that YB-1 binds to a Y-box located in the promoter region of the CDC6 gene. Expression of cyclin D1, CDK1 and CDK2 was also reduced with increased expression of p21(Cip1) and p16(INK4A) when treated with YB-1 siRNA. Furthermore, the nuclear YB-1 expression was significantly associated with the level of CDC6 nuclear expression in patients with breast cancer. In conclusion, YB-1 plays an important role in cell cycle progression at G1/S of human cancer cells. YB-1 thus could be a potent biomarker for tumour growth and cell cycle in its close association with CDC6.

We have previously reported the association of tumor cell invasion with expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 (Grb7). This molecule contains a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and shares structural homology with a cell migration molecule designated Mig-10 found in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the present study, Grb7 expression was analyzed in human esophageal carcinomas with or without metastatic spread. The Grb7 protein was overexpressed in 14 of 31 esophageal carcinomas as compared to the adjacent normal mucosa (45%) and this finding was significantly correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases. We also identified that Grb7 protein in esophageal carcinoma cells was phosphorylated on tyrosine by epidermal growth factor as well as attachment to extracellular matrix proteins including fibronectin. Such fibronectin-dependent phosphorylation of Grb7 was regulated by integrin signaling that leads to the interaction with focal adhesion kinase protein. Furthermore, ectopic expression of a Grb7-SH2 dominant-negative fragment inhibited the fibronectin-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous Grb7, and reduced migration of esophageal carcinoma cells into fibronectin. Our results suggest a role of Grb7 mediated signal transduction in generation of an invasive cell phenotype against extracellular matrix, and thus contributes to metastatic progression of human esophageal carcinoma.

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Our study showed that treatment period of F500 was longer when used in earlier-line treatment. For patients on F500, TTF was also longer for patients who had not received prior palliative chemotherapy and for those who had a longer period from their AMBC diagnosis to F500 use.