This study investigated the change in feelings of regret over time in relation to decision-making style, critical thinking, behavior, and coping methods with the regret. Seventy undergraduate students completed a questionnaire on critical thinking, decision-making styles, feelings of regret and the coping methods in five different situations: entrance examinations, declarations of love, skiing, career changes, and investments. Results showed the following. First, in situations which normally occur only once (i.e., entrance examinations), subjects who indicated inaction felt increased regret over time, but those who indicated action felt decreased regret. Conversely, in situations which occur regularly (i.e., declarations of love and skiing), both of those who indicated action and inaction felt decreased regret. Second, people who indicated action coped with their regret using the method of rationalization more often than those who indicated inaction. In situations which normally occur only once, analytic decision-makers tended to cope with their regret by improving their behavior more than intuitive decision-makers. Finally, critical thinkers tended to adopt an analytic style more often than an intuitive style.
This study examined how the factors associated with high school students' decisionmaking styles affect their choice-of-university behaviors and goal achievement behaviors to pass the entrance examinations and analyzed the effects of this decision-making style and affiliations on their emotions and ability to cope with regret after graduation. We surveyed 318 senior high school students and followed up with them for six months after graduation. In Study 1, to clarify the relation between these factors and behaviors, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that two types of sub processes were active during the career decision-making processes: the choice-behavior decision-making process and the goal-achievement-behavior process. In Study 2, students who tended to have the high-deliberate style when deciding to take admission to their affiliation felt less regret and disappointment about their affiliation. These investigations stress the importance of high school students being encouraged to deliberate carefully about their academic future.Key words: decision-making style, career decision-making, regret, entrance examination, high school studentThe choice of university is one of the most important decisions that we make over the course of our long lives 1 . This is because it is considered that prestigious universities with good reputation (top-notch, name value, etc.) not only offer students access to higher quality education but also assure a higher probability of securing employment in a major company (e.g., Takeuchi, 1997). To make good career decisions, high school students need to gather appropriate information about the universities they want admission to;This work was supported by Grant No. 14310058 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Preliminary reports of this work have been reported at the 28th International Congress of Psychology, and the 43rd, 44th and 45th annual conferences of the Japanese Educational Psychological Association.Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to Hideo Ueichi, Division of Policy and Planning Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan. Electronic mail may be sent to ueichi@sk.tsukuba.ac.jp 1 In Japan, over half of high school students go on to institutions of higher education (universities, junior colleges, and colleges of technology) (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 2011). There are two major methods employed by Japanese universities for the selection of students: A written examination (the so-called general entrance examination) and recommendations (e.g., affiliation office examinations). The general entrance examinations are conducted in winter, once per year. Students are required to take the general entrance examinations if they wish to be admitted to prestigious national universities, well-known public universities, or long-established private universities. Affiliation decisions are ma...
Vaccine confidence reflects social, individual, and political factors indicating confidence in vaccines and associated health systems. In Japan, the government ceased proactive recommendation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in June 2013, only several months after the recommendation had begun. Seven years later, as of October 2020, the suspension persists and vaccine coverage has precipitously declined, resulting in many young women being continually exposed to the risk of preventable HPVrelated diseases. Accordingly, understanding stakeholder opinions on HPV vaccination issues is critical for informing strategies to improve HPV vaccine confidence and acceptance. In October 2019, we performed a nationwide, web-based survey of 1646 mothers of HPV-vaccination-eligible girls, 562 female adolescents aged 15-19 years, and 919 healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Japan. This survey captured key elements of vaccine confidence (i.e., importance, effectiveness, and safety of the HPV vaccine), awareness, and the willingness to receive (in HPV-vaccination-eligible girls) or recommend (in HCPs) the HPV vaccine, and the factors responsible for these decisions. HPV vaccine confidence was generally higher among HCPs than among mothers or female adolescents. Nearly half of all stakeholders were neutral regarding their willingness to receive/recommend the HPV vaccine. The seriousness of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine's effectiveness or safety were important deciding factors for receiving/recommending the HPV vaccine. Besides these factors, sufficient information and free vaccination were crucial. Our results suggest several factors that could help shape public policy and communication strategies to improve HPV vaccine confidence and acceptance in Japan.
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