We observed that the mutual diffusion coefficients of benzene in
supercritical carbon dioxide
exhibited a maximum at pressures above the critical pressure of the
mixture, and a strong
concentration dependence near the critical point. These surprising
experimental results can be
explained by replacing the concentration gradient of diffusion with a
chemical potential gradient
as suggested from irreversible thermodynamics. Then, it can be
understood that diffusion
coefficients have a maximum value at the critical point of a mixture.
The Peng−Robinson
equation of state was used to illustrate these
relationships.
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